1. Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
2. School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
3. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
4. Shanghang Meteorological Administration, Shanghang 364200, China
The Open-Top Chamber is used to make field experiment, it is expected to obtain the data including temperature, light radiation, water vapor pressure difference and stomatal conductance by continuous observation. Stomatal conductance model is used and parameterized, combined with the ozone absorption flux model, we studied the characteristics of stomatal ozone fluxesof soybean. Meanwhile, the variations of stomatal conductance and ozone absorption fluxes of soybean were calculatedin Jiangsu province. Results show that the parameterized Jarvis model is applicable tothe simulation of stomatal conductance in soybean. Approximately 82% variation of measured stomatal conductance could be explained by the stomatal conductance model. In the experiment, the total ozone absorption flux in ozone concentration of CK, 100nL/L, 150nL/L was 14.46mmol/m2, 15.86mmol/m2, and 16.69mmol/m2, respectively. The ozone concentration gradually increased from early period to late period during the period of soybean growth in Jiangsu. Average stomatal conductance is the early stage > the middle stage > the later stage. Ozone cumulative absorption flux is the most during the early stage. This study will provide a reference for the future study of effects of ozone on crops, and can also be used as the theory basis for the government and international organizations formulate policies, laws and regulations.
Vingarzan R. A review of surface ozone background levels and trends[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2004,38(21):3431-3442.
[2]
Fiscus E L, Booker F L, Burkey K O. Crop responses to ozone:uptake, modes of action, carbon assimilation and partitioning[J]. Plant Cell & Environment, 2005,28(8):997-1011.
Wang X K, William M, Feng Z W, et al. Ground-level ozone in China:distribution and effects on crop yields[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2007,147(2):394-400.
Avnery S, Mauzerall D L, Liu J, et al. Global crop yield reductions due to surface ozone exposure:1. Year 2000crop production losses and economic damage[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2011a,45(13):2284-2296.
[7]
Avnery S, Mauzerall D L, Liu J, et al. Global crop yield reductions due to surface ozone exposure:2. Year 2030 potential crop production losses and economic damage under two scenarios of O3 pollution[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2011b,45(13):2297-2309.
Pleijel H, Danielsson H, Simpson D, et al. Have ozone effects on carbon sequestration been overestimated? New biomass responses function for wheat[J]. Biogeosciences, 2014,11(4):4521-4528.
[11]
Hoshika Y, Watanabe M, Inada N, et al. Effects of ozone-induced stomatal closure on ozone uptake and its changes due to leaf age in sun and shade leaves of Siebold's beech[J]. Journal of Agricultural Meteorology, 2015,71(3):218-226.
[12]
LRTAP Convention. Manual on methodologies and criteria for modeling and mapping critical loads and levels and air pollution effects, risks and trends. Chapter 3:Mapping Critical Levels for Vegetation. 2010. .
[13]
Fares S, Matteucci G, Mugnozza G S, et al. Testing of models of stomatal ozone fluxes with field measurements in a mixed Mediterranean forest[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2013,67(2):242-251.
[14]
Musselman R C, Lefohn A S, Massman W J, etal. A critical review and analysis of the use of exposure-and flux-based ozone indices for predicting vegetation effects[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2006,40(10):1869-1888.
[15]
Emberson L D, Ashmore M R, Cambridge H M, et al. Modelling stomatal ozone flux across Europe[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2000,109(3):403-413.
[16]
UNECE. Mapping Manual 2004. UNECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution. Berlin:Umweltbundesamt, 2004.
[17]
Pleijel H, Danielsson H, Vandermeiren K, et al. Stomatal conductance and ozone exposure in relation to potato tuber yield-results from the European CHIP programme. European Journal of Agronomy, 2002,17(4):303-317.
[18]
Barnes J D, Zheng Y, Lyons T M. Plant resistance to ozone:the role of ascorbate. In:Osama K, Saji H, Youssefian S, Kondo N (Eds), Air Pollution and Plant Biotechnology. Springer, Tokyo, pp. 2002:235-252.
Jarvis P G. The interpretation of the variations in leaf water potential and stomatal conductance found in canopies in the field. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences, 1976,273(927):593-610.
[24]
Makowski D, Dore T, Monod H. A new method to analyze relationships between yieldcomponents with boundary lines[J]. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2007,27:119-128.
[25]
Campbell G S, Norman J M. An introduction to environmental biophysics second edition[M]. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1998,286.
[26]
Webb R A. Use of the boundary line in the analysis of biological data[J]. Journal of Horticultural Science, 1972,47:309-319.
[27]
Massman W J. Toward an ozone standard to protect vegetation based on effective dose:areview of deposition resistances and a possible metric[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2004,38(15):2323-2337.
[28]
Gelang J, Pleijel H, Sild E, et al. Rate and duration of grain filling in relation to flag leaf senescence and grain yield in spring wheat (Triticumaestivum) exposed to different concentrations of ozone[J]. Physiologia Plantarum, 2000,110(3):366-375.
[29]
Makowski D, Dore T, Monod H. A new method to analyze relationships between yield components with boundary lines[J]. Agron. Sustain Dev., 2007,27:119-128.
[30]
Oue H, Feng Z Z, Pang J, et al. Modeling the stomatal conductance and photosynthesis of a flag leaf of wheat under elevated O3 concentration[J]. Journal of Agricultural Meteorology, 2009,65(3):239-248.
[31]
Gonzalez-Fernandez I, Kaminska A, Dodmani M, et al. Establishing ozone flux-response relationships for winter wheat:Analysis of uncertainties based on data for UK and Polish genotypes[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2010,44(5):621-630.
[32]
Livingston N J, Black T A. Stomatal characteristics and transpiration of three species of conifer seedlings planted on a high elevation south-facing clear-cut[J]. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 1987,17(17):1273-1282.
Pleijel H, Danielsson H, Emberson L, et al. Ozone risk assessment for agricultural crops in Europe:Further development of stomatal flux and flux-response relationships for European wheat and potato[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2007,41(14):3022-3040.
[35]
Jones H G Plants and Microclimate:A quantitative approach to environmental plant physiology[M]. 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1992.