基于HRA的邻避区域焚烧污染风险评估

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摘要生活垃圾焚烧过程中不可避免产生烟气污染物，加重邻避区域环境污染.为有效评估污染物扩散影响，本文提出邻避区域范围定量化界定方法，构建邻避区域焚烧污染风险评估模型，并给出其可接受性标准，即R_A ≤ R_A^*，R_B ≤ R_A^*.以浙江省某市生活垃圾焚烧厂2015-07-31~2016-08-01运营时段为例，科学估算其邻避区域焚烧污染风险.结果表明：颗粒物与酸性气体（SO₂、HCl）浓度超标情况严重，春夏季节超标率分别为51.9%、76.5%，秋冬季节分别为54.9%、67.6%.风险值R_B^SSW=1.93×10^-3≈1.5R_A^SSW*，R_B^N=4.18×10^-3≈1.4R_A^N*.不同季风SSW、N下，R_B均超出R_A^*水平.针对R_A控制，根据6类烟气净化组合工艺与相应的△_{c（投入）}估算，能够为焚烧厂以可接受的成本投入，选择最优化风险水平的烟气净化工艺.针对R_B控制，半干式脱硫塔与布袋除尘设备运营状况应重点被监管，并针对故障原因及时维护与管理.

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关键词 ：邻避区域, 生活垃圾焚烧, 健康风险评估, 大气扩散, 烟气污染物

Abstract：Emissions were produced inevitably in the process of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI), resulting in deterioration in environmental quality in the NIMBY area. In order to better assess the impact of emissions dispersion, an environmental risk assessment model for waste incineration was built, based on quantitative scoping method of NIMBY area. Assessment criteria for incineration risk acceptability were provided as R_A ≤ R_A^*, R_B ≤ R_A^* respectively. Based on a case study of a MSWI in Zhejiang province during the operating periods of 2015-07-31~2016-08-01, environmental risk of incineration was estimated. The estimation revealed that:(1) The concentrations of particulate matters and acid gases (SO₂, HCl) were 51.9% and 76.5% higher than the limit in spring and summer; and 54.9% and 67.6% higher respectively in autumn and winter. Risk level was R_B^SSW=1.93×10^-3≈1.5R_A^SSW*, R_B^N=4.18×10^-3≈1.4R_A^N*. Under the different monsoon (SSW, N), the risk level R_B was both above R_A^* averagely. (2) For controlling R_A, the optimal acceptable risk level for emissions could be achieved for the enterprise within an acceptable economic cost, based on six combinations of flue gas purification process and the estimation on △c_(investment). For controlling R_B, the operation of half dry desulfurization tower and bag-type dust collector should be management carefully, and maintenance for each failure events should be carried out timely.

Key words： NIMBY area MSWI health risk assessment atmospheric dispersion emissions

收稿日期: 2017-05-12

X32

基金资助:教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金资助项目（13YJAZH116）；江苏省高校优秀中青年教师和校长境外研修计划

通讯作者: 杨洁,教授,yjagnes@163.com E-mail: yjagnes@163.com

作者简介: 朱阳光(1991-),男,安徽合肥人,苏州科技大学硕士研究生,主要从事环境规划与管理、固体废物处置与资源化研究.发表论文4篇.

引用本文:

朱阳光, 杨洁, 乔萌萌, 周芮, 毛嘉玲, 杨成. 基于HRA的邻避区域焚烧污染风险评估[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017, 37(12): 4790-4800. ZHU Yang-guang, YANG Jie, QIAO Meng-meng, ZHOU Rui, MAO Jia-ling, YANG Cheng. Environmental risk assessment study on waste incineration for Not In My Back Yard (NIMBY)area based on HRA method. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2017, 37(12): 4790-4800.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2017/V37/I12/4790

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