NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>对次生铁矿物形成及重金属去除的影响

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摘要研究了初始pH值、Fe²⁺浓度、Fe/NH₄⁺物质的量比对嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌（A.ferrooxidans）体系中Fe²⁺氧化率、总Fe沉淀率、次生铁矿物矿相的影响，并比较矿物对AMD中Cr（VI）、As（Ⅲ）的去除效果.结果表明，当NH₄⁺浓度在A.ferrooxidans耐受范围内时，Fe²⁺氧化及总Fe沉淀去除效果不受影响，表现在160，80，20mmol/L的Fe²⁺分别在72，48，24h内被完全氧化，培养至终点时（96h）平均总Fe沉淀率分别为24.03%，19.46%，8.13%.在Fe²⁺=160mmol/L体系中，Fe/NH₄⁺=2.0、pH=2.6处理获得纯净施氏矿物；而当Fe/NH₄⁺≤1.0、pH≤2.3时，次生铁矿物的合成途径开始向黄铵铁矾转移.Fe/NH₄⁺=2.0的各酸性体系合成矿物对Cr（VI）、As（Ⅲ）去除能力存在显著差异，依次为pH=2.6 > pH=2.3 > pH=2.0.分析表明，次生铁矿物的表观结构和比表面积是影响有毒元素去除效果的主要原因.

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关键词 ： NH₄⁺, 嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌, 酸性矿山废水, 次生铁矿物, 重金属

Abstract：In this study, the influence of initial pH, Fe²⁺ concentration, molar ratio of Fe/NH₄⁺ on the Fe²⁺ bio-oxidation rate, total Fe deposition efficiency, and phases of secondary iron minerals in simulated AMD containing A. ferrooxidans was investigated. The Cr(VI) and As(Ⅲ) removal efficiency of different iron minerals were compared. The results indicated that under the concentration of NH₄⁺ was lower than that for A. ferrooxidans tolerance value, Fe²⁺ oxidation and total Fe removal through precipitation were not affected, 160, 80, and 20mmol/L of Fe²⁺could be completely oxidized by A. ferrooxidans within 72, 48, and 24h, and the average total Fe removal efficiency was 24.03%, 19.46%, and 8.13% at the end of the experiment (96h), respectively. In addition, in initial 160mmol/L Fe²⁺ system, when the molar ratio of Fe/NH₄⁺=2.0 and pH=2.6, the secondary iron mineral obtained was pure schwertmannite; when the molar ratio of Fe/NH₄⁺ ≤ 1.0 and pH ≤ 2.3, ammonium jarosite began to occur in this system. Additionally, the Cr(VI) and As(Ⅲ) removal efficiency of secondary iron minerals harvested from the Fe/NH₄⁺=2.0systems differed (pH=2.6 > pH=2.3 > pH=2.0). The data obtained from this study demostrated that the removal efficiency of toxic elements was mainly influenced by the apparent structure and specific surface area of secondary iron minerals.

Key words： NH₄⁺ A.ferrooxidans acid mine drainage secondary iron minerals heavy metals

收稿日期: 2017-11-02

X703

基金资助:国家自然科学基金重点资助项目（21637003）；湖北省自然科学基金资助项目（2016CFB289）

作者简介: 宋永伟(1984-),男,安徽绩溪人,副教授,博士,主要从事酸性矿山废水处理、固体废弃物处理处置与资源化等方面的研究.发表论文近20篇.

引用本文:

宋永伟, 王鹤茹, 曹艳晓, 朱祎涵, 周立祥. NH₄⁺对次生铁矿物形成及重金属去除的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2018, 38(6): 2116-2123. SONG Yong-wei, WANG He-ru, CAO Yan-xiao, ZHU Yi-han, ZHOU Li-xiang. Effect of NH₄⁺ on the formation of secondary iron minerals and the removal of heavy metals. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2018, 38(6): 2116-2123.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2018/V38/I6/2116

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