To investigate the formation mechanism of heavy haze in fall and winter season of Zhengzhou, online measurements of hourly concentrations of elements in PM2.5 using the ambient metals analyzer and meteorological instrument were conducted from Nov. 21th to 29that an urban site of Zhengzhou University. Results show that the concentrations of As, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn in Zhengzhou during the sampling periods were higher than in other cities. The polluted air mass transported from northeastern regions of Zhengzhou, and the lower wind speed, higher relative humidity and calm conditions which accumulating local pollutant emissions, based on the statistical analysis of meteorological data, were the major meteorological parameters causing the two heavy haze episodes. Meanwhile, quantitative source apportionment from the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model showed that dust, vehicle, industrial emission and combustion were the major sources of elements in PM2.5, which accounting for 36.8%, 27.6%, 21.0% and 14.6%, respectively. The contribution of dust source in cleaning day was relatively higher and that of motor vehicle and combustion source increased significantly during heavy haze period.
王申博, 余雪, 赵庆炎, 杨留明, 尹沙沙, 张瑞芹. 郑州市两次典型大气重污染过程成因分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2018, 38(7): 2425-2431.
WANG Shen-bo, YU Xue, ZHAO Qing-yan, YANG liu-ming, YIN Sha-sha, ZHANG Rui-qin. Analysis of the formation of two typical atmospheric heavy pollution episodes in Zhengzhou, China. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2018, 38(7): 2425-2431.
Szpiro A A, Sheppard L, Adar S D, et al. Estimating acute air pollution health effects from cohort study data[J]. Biometrics, 2014,70(1):164-174.
[2]
Yang G, Wang Y, Zeng Y, et al. Rapid health transition in China, 1990-2010:findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010[J]. Lancet, 2013,381(9882):1987-2015.
Fu H, Chen J. Formation, features and controlling strategies of severe haze-fog pollutions in China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2016,578:121-138.
Jiang N, Guo Y, Wang Q, et al. Chemical composition characteristics of PM2.5 in three cities in Henan, central China[J]. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 2017,17:2367-2380.
[12]
Jiang N, Li Q, Su F, et al. Chemical characteristics and source apportionment of PM2.5 between heavily polluted days and other days in Zhengzhou, China[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2017. doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2017.05.006.
[13]
Wang J, Geng N B, Xu Y F, et al. PAHs in PM2.5 in Zhengzhou:concentration, carcinogenic risk analysis, and source apportionment[J]. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, 2014,186(11):7461-73.
[14]
Geng N, Wang J, Xu Y, et al. PM2.5 in an industrial district of Zhengzhou, China:Chemical composition and source apportionment[J]. Particuology, 2013,11(1):99-109.
[15]
Li Y J, Sun Y, Zhang Q, et al. Real-time chemical characterization of atmospheric particulate matter in China:A review[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2017,158:270-304.
Geng N, Wang J, Xu Y, et al. Element characteristics and source apportionment of trace elements in PM2.5in an industrial zone of Zhengzhou[J]. Sustainable Environment Research, 2013,23(1):1-13.
[21]
Tan J, Duan J, Zhen N, et al. Chemical characteristics and source of size-fractionated atmospheric particle in haze episode in Beijing[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2015,167:24-33.
[22]
Wang J, Hu Z, Chen Y, et al. Contamination characteristics and possible sources of PM10 and PM2.5 in different functional areas of Shanghai, China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2013,68(2):221-229.
[23]
Wang X, Bi X, Sheng G, et al. Chemical composition and sources of PM10 and PM2.5 aerosols in Guangzhou, China[J]. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, 2006,119(1-3):425.
[24]
Zhang F, Wang Z W, Cheng H R, et al. Seasonal variations and chemical characteristics of PM2.5 in Wuhan, central China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2015,518-519:97.
[25]
Li H, Wang Q G, Yang M, et al. Chemical characterization and source apportionment of PM2.5 aerosols in a megacity of Southeast China[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2016,181:288-299.
[26]
Feng J, Yu H, Su X, et al. Chemical composition and source apportionment of PM2.5 during Chinese Spring Festival at Xinxiang, a heavily polluted city in North China:Fireworks and health risks[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2016,182:176-188.
Wang X, Sato T, Xing B. Size distribution and anthropogenic sources apportionment of airborne trace metals in Kanazawa, Japan[J]. Chemosphere, 2006,65(11):2440-8.
[30]
Tanner P A, Ma H L, Yu P K N. Fingerprinting metals in urban street dust of Beijing, Shanghai, and Hong Kong[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2008,42(19):7111-7117.
[31]
Wang S, Yan Q, Yu F, et al. Distribution and source of chemical elements in size-resolved particles in Zhengzhou, China:Effects of regional transport[J]. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 2018,18:371-385.
[32]
Fang G C, Wu Y S, Wen C C, et al. Ambient air particulate concentrations and metallic elements principal component analysis at Taichung Harbor (TH) and WuChi Traffic (WT) near Taiwan Strait during 2004~2005[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2006,137(1):314-323.
[33]
Pan Y, Wang Y, Sun Y, et al. Size-resolved aerosol trace elements at a rural mountainous site in Northern China:Importance of regional transport[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2013,461-462(7):761-771.
[34]
Beckett K P, Freersmith P H, Taylor G. Urban woodlands:Their role in reducing the effects of particulate pollution[J]. Environmental Pollution, 1998,99(3):47-60.
