Characteristics of methenyl bromide (CHBr3) fluxes from tidal wetlands of the Jiaozhou Bay were observed using static flux chambers methods during 2016/2017, and the key factors affecting CHBr3 fluxes were discussed. The results showed that CHBr3 average fluxes from S. alterniflora marsh and bare flat marsh were 10.92nmol/(m2×d) and 8.96nmol/(m2×d), respectively, indicating that the tidal marsh ecosystems in the Jiaozhou Bay acted as CHBr3 source. It indicates that S. alterniflora marshes could promote CHBr3 emissions to some extent. The emission fluxes of CHBr3 between different tidal marshes was distinctly different. The higher CHBr3 emissions from the S. alterniflora marshes were occurred in summer and autumn were probably related to the effects of temperature and vegetation biomass. The higher fluxes of CHBr3 in bare flat during early spring and winter may be related to the freeze-thaw cycle. The change of environmental factors in the tidal flat marsh of Jiaozhou Bay was complex, and the emission fluxes of CHBr3 were affected by many factors. The dominant factor affected the CHBr3 emission in S. alterniflora marsh of Jiaozhou Bay was temperature, while the influences of vegetation growth status and water and salinity condition and nutrient elements on the CHBr3 fluxes characteristics might not be ignored.
Solomon S, Mills M, Heidt L E, et al. On the evaluation of ozone depletion potentials[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 1992,97(D1):825-842.
[2]
Solomon S. Progress towards a quantitative understanding of Antarctic ozone depletion[J]. Nature, 1990,347(6291):347-354.
[3]
Reifenhäuser W, Heumann K G. Determinations of methyl iodide in the Antarctic atmosphere and the south polar sea[J]. Atmospheric Environment. part A. general Topics, 1992,26(16):2905-2912.
Yuan D, Yang G P, He Z. Spatio-temporal distributions of chlorofluorocarbons and methyl iodide in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) estuary and its adjacent marine area[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2016,103(1/2):247-259.
[6]
Clark J F, Jr W M S, Simpson H J. Chlorofluorocarbons in the Hudson Estuary During Summer Months[J]. Water Resources Research, 1995,31(10):2553-2560.
[7]
Moore R M, Webb M, Tokarczyk R, et al. Bromoperoxidase and iodoperoxidase enzymes and production of halogenated methanes in marine diatom cultures[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans, 1996,101(C9):20899-20908.
[8]
Singh H B, Salas L J, Stiles R E. Methyl halides in and over the eastern Pacific (40°N-32°S)[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans, 1983,88(C6):3684-3690.
[9]
Tong C, Wang W Q, Huang J F, et al. Invasive alien plants increase CH4, emissions from a subtropical tidal estuarine wetland[J]. Biogeochemistry, 2012,111(1-3):677-693.
[10]
Jialin L I, Yang X, Tong Y, et al. Influences of Spartina alterniflora Invasion on Ecosystem Services of Coastal Wetland and its Countermeasures[J]. Marine Science Bulletin, 2005,24(5):33-38.
[11]
Cheng X, Luo Y, Chen J, et al. Short-Term C4 Plant Spartina alterniflora Invasions Change the Soil Carbon in C3 Plant-Dominated Tidal Wetlands on a Growing Estuarine Island[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2006,38(12):3380-3386.
[12]
Cheng X, Peng R, Chen J, et al. CH4 and N2O emissions from Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis in experimental mesocosms[J]. Chemosphere, 2007,68(3):420-427.
[13]
Sun Z, Wang L, Tian H, et al. Fluxes of nitrous oxide and methane in different coastal Suaeda salsa marshes of the Yellow River estuary, China.[J]. Chemosphere, 2013,90(2):856-865.
[14]
Sun W, Sun Z, Mou X, et al. Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Intertidal Zone of the Yellow River Estuary in Autumn and Winter During 2011~2012[J]. Estuaries & Coasts, 2016:1-15.
He Z, Liu Q L, Zhang Y J, et al. Distribution and sea-to-air fluxes of volatile halocarbons in the Bohai Sea and North Yellow Sea during spring[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017,s584-585:546-553.
Bahlmann E, Weinberg I, Lavri? J V, et al. Tidal controls on trace gas dynamics in a seagrass meadow of the Ria Formosa lagoon (southern Portugal)[J]. Biogeosciences Discussions, 2015,11(6):10571-10603.
[32]
Carpenter L J, Wevill D J, Palmer C J, et al. Depth profiles of volatile iodine and bromine-containing halocarbons in coastal Antarctic waters[J]. Marine Chemistry, 2007,103(3):227-236.
Rhew R C, Miller B R, Bill M, et al. Environmental and biological controls on methyl halide emissions from southern California coastal salt marshes[J]. Biogeochemistry, 2002,60(2):141-161.
[35]
Khalil M A K, Moore R M, Harper D B, et al. Natural emissions of chlorine-containing gases:Reactive Chlorine Emissions Inventory[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 1999,104(D7):8333-8346.
[36]
Redeker K R, Wang N, Low J C, et al. Emissions of methyl halides and methane from rice paddies.[J]. Science, 2000,290(5493):966-969.
[37]
Song C, Wang Y, Wang Y, et al. Emission of CO2, CH4, and N2O from freshwater marsh during freeze-thaw period in Northeast of China[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2008,40(35):428-436.
[38]
Teepe R, Brumme R, Beese F. Nitrous oxide emissions from soil during freezing and thawing periods[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2001, 33(9):1269-1275.
[39]
Xu H X, Wu H Y, Qiu Y P, et al. Degradation of fluoranthene by a newly isolated strain of Herbaspirillum chlorophenolicum from activated sludge[J]. Biodegradation, 2011,22(2):335-345.
[40]
Wichern J, Wichern F, Joergensen R G. Impact of salinity on soil microbial communities and the decomposition of maize in acidic soils[J]. Geoderma, 2006,137(1/2):100-108.
[41]
Hirota M, Senga Y, Seike Y, et al. Fluxes of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide in two contrastive fringing zones of coastal lagoon, Lake Nakaumi, Japan[J]. Chemosphere, 2007,68(3):597-603.
Harper D B, Mcroberts W C, Kennedy J T. Comparison of the efficacies of chloromethane, methionine, and S-adenosylmethionine as methyl precursors in the biosynthesis of veratryl alcohol and related compounds in phanerochaete chrysosporium[J]. Applied & Environmental Microbiology, 1996,62(9):3366.
[44]
Hu Z,Moore R M. Kinetics of methyl halide production by reaction of DMSP with halide ion[J]. Marine Chemistry, 1996,52(2):147-155.
Aciego Pietri J C,Brookes P C. Relationships between soil pH and microbial properties in a UK arable soil[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2008,40(7):1856-1861.
[47]
Weissflog L, Lange C A, Pfennigsdorff A, et al. Sediments of salt lakes as a new source of volatile highly chlorinated C1/C2 hydrocarbons[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2005,32(1):357-357.
[48]
Aciego Pietri J C, Brookes P C. Substrate inputs and pH as factors controlling microbial biomass, activity and community structure in an arable soil[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2009,41(7):1396-1405.
[49]
Fierer N, Jackson R B. The diversity and biogeography of soil bacterial communities[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006,103(3):626.
Allen D E, Dalal R C, Rennenberg H, et al. Spatial and temporal variation of nitrous oxide and methane flux between subtropical mangrove sediments and the atmosphere[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2007,39(2):622-631.
[53]
Green S M. Ebullition of methane from rice paddies:the importance of furthering understanding[J]. Plant & Soil, 2013,370(1/2):31-34.
Zhang Y H, Ding W X, Luo J F, et al. Changes in soil organic carbon dynamics in an Eastern Chinese coastal wetland following invasion by a C4 plant Spartina alterniflora.[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2010, 42(10):1712-1720.
[56]
Ruecker A, Weigold P, Behrens S, et al. Halogenated hydrocarbon formation in a moderately acidic salt lake in Western Australia-role of abiotic and biotic processes[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2015:12.
Wang J, Li R, Guo Y, et al. The flux of methyl chloride along an elevational gradient of a coastal salt marsh, Eastern China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2006,40(34):6592-6605.
[59]
Hellmann B, Zelles L, Palojarvi A, et al. Emission of climate-relevant trace gases and succession of microbial communities during open-windrow composting[J]. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 1997,63(3):1011-1018.
