基于总量和形态的表层沉积物重金属污染及来源——以马鞍列岛海域为例

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (15)

全文: PDF (887 KB) HTML (1 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要为了解马鞍列岛海域沉积物特征及重金属污染状况，于2017年6月采集了该海域表层沉积物样品，并对表层沉积物pH值、氧化还原电位（Eh）、粒度（D_[3，2]）等地球化学指标进行了同步原位调查，采用改进后的沉积物重金属形态分析的连续提取法（European Community Bureau of Reference （BCR））分析了7种重金属（Cr、As、Ni、Zn、Pb、Cu、Cd）各形态含量，并结合富集因子系数（EF）、地累积指数法（I_geo）等方法初步探索了马鞍列岛海域沉积物中重金属的污染特征及其来源.结果显示，马鞍列岛海域沉积物呈中性-弱碱性，属还原环境；近岛礁区以粉砾和粘粒为主，而远岛礁区以砂砾和粉砾为主；7种重金属总量均满足我国海洋沉积物质量I类标准；Cr、As、Ni以原生相为主，而Zn、Pb、Cu、Cd均以次生相为主；Cd以可交换态及碳酸盐结合态（F1）以及有机物及硫化物结合态（F3）为主要赋存形态，Zn、Pb、Cu以铁锰氧化物结合态（F2）为主要赋存形态，而Cr、As、Ni以残渣态为主要赋存形态；以Fe作为参比，7种重金属的富集程度顺序为Cd > Cu > Ni > Zn > Pb > Cr > As；通过空间污染状况分析发现，Cu、Cd在受人为活动影响较大的近岛礁区存在富集污染现象，其他重金属则主要表现为天然来源，除Ni外，Cu、Pb、Cd、As、Cr、Zn含量均呈近岛礁区>远岛礁区的空间分布特征.总体上，马鞍列岛国家级特别海洋保护区沉积物重金属污染程度较低，生态环境保护与底质修复效果较好.

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	石一茜
	赵旭
	林军
	李大鹏
	黄宏
	章守宇

关键词 ：马鞍列岛, 沉积物, 重金属, BCR, 富集系数, 地积累指数

Abstract：In order to understand the pollution characteristics of seven heavy metals in the surface sediments from the Ma'an Archipelago, several sediment samples were collected in June 2017 and their geochemical parameters such as pH, oxidation-reduction potential (Eh), and grain size (D_[3,2]) were simultaneously recorded. The modified method of BCR was used to determine the total content and speciation of the seven heavy metals (Cr, As, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd). Among them, Cr, As and Ni were mainly existed in the occurrence form of primary phase, Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd were detected in the occurrence form of secondary phases; Also, the pollution characteristics and sources of the heavy metals in the sediments were primarily explored by using the enrichment factor coefficient (EF) and geoaccumulation index (I_geo). The results showed that the sediments of the Ma'an Archipelago were neutral-weakly alkaline, belonged to the reducing environment. The clay particles were mainly found in the adjacent reef area of island, and the gravel particles were mainly distributed in the further region from the island. The entire pollution level of seven heavy metals satisfied the Class I Standards of Marine Sediment Quality. The Cd was mainly composed of the exchangeable and carbonate fractions (F1), organic matter and sulfide fractions (F3). And the Zn, Pb and Cu were mainly presented in the iron-manganese oxide states (F2), while Cr, As, and Ni were found in the residual state. Refer to Fe, the order of the enrichment degree of the seven heavy metals was Cd > Cu > Ni > Zn > Pb > Cr > As. The results of spatial analysis showed that the Cu, Cd mainly existed in the reef area closed to the island, proving their anthropogenic sources, while other heavy metals were mainly released from natural sources. Moreover, except Ni, higher contents of Cu, Pb, Cd, As, Cr, and Zn were found near the island. In general, the total amount of heavy metals in sediments from the National Special Marine Protected Area of Ma'an Archipelago were relatively low, and the effects of ecological protection and restoration of local sediment maintained well.

Key words： Ma'an Archipelago sediment heavy metal BCR enrichment coefficient geoaccumulation index

收稿日期: 2018-08-13

PACS:	X53
	P596

基金资助:现代农业产业技术体系专项资金资助（CARS-50）

通讯作者: 黄宏,副教授,hhuang@shou.edu.cn E-mail: hhuang@shou.edu.cn

作者简介: 石一茜(1995),女,上海海洋大学硕士研究生,环境工程专业,上海海洋大学.

引用本文:

石一茜, 赵旭, 林军, 李大鹏, 黄宏, 章守宇. 基于总量和形态的表层沉积物重金属污染及来源——以马鞍列岛海域为例[J]. 中国环境科学, 2019, 39(3): 1189-1198. SHI Yi-qian, ZHAO Xu, LIN Jun, LI Da-peng, HUANG Hong, ZHANG Shou-yu. Contamination level and source determination of heavy metals in surface sediments from the Ma'an Archipelago based on the total content and speciation analysis. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2019, 39(3): 1189-1198.

链接本文:

http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2019/V39/I3/1189

[1]	方明,吴友军,刘红,等.长江口沉积物重金属的分布、来源及潜在生态风险评价[J]. 环境科学学报, 2013,33(2):563-569. Fang M, Wu Y J, Liu H, et al. Distribution, sources and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of the Yangtze River estuary[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2013,33(2):563-569
[2]	曾维特,杨永鹏,张东强,等.海南岛北部海湾沉积物重金属来源、分布主控因素及生态风险评价[J]. 环境科学, 2018,39(3):1085-1094. Zeng W T, Yang Y P, Zhang D Q, et al. Sources, Distribution of Main Controlling Factors, and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment for Heavy Metals in the Surface Sediment of Hainan Island North Bay, South China. Environmental Science, 2018,39(3):1085-1094.
[3]	李飞,徐敏.州湾表层沉积物重金属的来源特征及风险评价[J]. 环境科学, 2014,35(3):1035-1040. Li F, Xu M. Source characteristics and contamination evaluation of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Haizhou Bay[J]. Environmental Science, 2014,35(3):1035-1040.
[4]	安立会,郑丙辉,张雷.渤海湾河口沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J]. 中国环境科学, 2010,30(5):666-670. An L H, Zheng B H, Zhang L, et al. Occurrence of heavy metals in surface sediments from estuaries in Bohai bay and their ecological risk assessment[J]. Beijing, Chinese Research Academy for Environment Sciences. China Environmental Science, 2010,30(5):666-670.
[5]	李磊,平仙隐,王云龙.江口及邻近海域沉积物中重金属研究——时空分布及污染分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2012,32(12):2245-2252. Li L, Ping X Y, Wang Y L, et al. Spatial and temporal distribution and pollution analysis of the heavy metals in surface sediments of the Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent areas[J]. China Environmental Science, 2012, 32(12):2245-2252.
[6]	Cheng H F, Hu Y N, Luo J, et al. Geochemical processes controlling fate and transport of arsenic in acid mine drainage (AMD) and natural systems[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009,165(1-3):13-26.
[7]	Huang S S, et al. Survey of heavy metal pollution and assessment of agricultural soil in Yangzhong district[J]. Chemosphere, 2007,67(11):2148-2155.
[8]	Young S M, Ishiga H, Roser B P, et al. Geochemistry of sediments in three sectors of Trincomalee Bay, Sri Lanka:provenance, modifying factors and present environmental status[J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2014,14(1):204-217.
[9]	郝红,高博,王健康.滦河流域沉积物中重金属分布特征及风险评价[J]. 岩矿测试, 2012,31(6):1000-1005. Hao H, Gao B, Wang J K, Distribution characteristic and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of the Luanhe River[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2012,31(6):1000-1005.
[10]	佘运勇,王剑,艳华,等.南黄海海洋表层沉积物中重金属的分布特征及潜在生态风险评价[J]. 海洋环境科学, 2011,30(5):631-635. She Y Y, Wang J, Wang Y H, Distribution and potential ecological risk assessment on heavy metals in surface sediments of the South Yellow Sea[J]. Marine Environmental Science, 2011,30(5):631-635.
[11]	王菊英,德毅,鲍永恩,等.黄海和东海海域沉积物的环境质量评价[J]. 海洋环境科学, 2003,22(4):21-24. Wang J Y, Ma D Y, Bao Y E. Evaluation on sediment quality in Yellow Sea and East China Sea[J]. Marine Environmental Science, 2003, 22(4):21-24.
[12]	周笑白,梅鹏蔚,彭露露,等.渤海湾表层沉积物重金属含量及潜在生态风险评价[J]. 生态环境学报, 2015,(3):452-456. Zhou X B, Mei P Y, Peng L L, et al. Contents and potential ecological risk assessment of selected heavy metals in the surface sediments of Bohai Bay[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2015,24(3):452-456.
[13]	黄宏,赵旭,陈亮然,等.枸杞岛潮间带表层沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态危害[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2016,16(3):361-365. Huang H, Zhao X, Chen L R. Heavy metal pollution and potential ecological hazards in surface sediments of the intertidal zone in Gouqi island[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2016,16(3):361-365.
[14]	胡益峰,蒋红.嵊泗马鞍列岛国家级海洋特别保护区海域养殖紫贻贝(Mytilus edulis)重金属含量分析[J]. 渔业研究, 2012,34(6):461-465. Hu Y F, Jiang H. Analysis of heavy metal content in Mytilus edulis in the waters of the national marine special reserve of Ma'an Archipelago,[J]. Journal of Fujian Fisheries, 2012,34(6):461-465.
[15]	胡益峰,蒋红,柳涛,等.马鞍列岛保护区海域水环境质量分区评价[J]. 海洋环境科学, 2015,34(2):240-244. Hu Y F, Jiang H, Liu T. Partition assessment of water environment quality of Ma'an Archipelago[J]. Marine Environmental Science, 2015,34(2):240-244.
[16]	GB 17378.5-2007海洋监测规范.第5部分,沉积物分析[S]. GB 17378.5-2007 Ocean monitoring specifications. Part 5, sediment analysis.[S].
[17]	齐红艳.长江口及邻近海域表层沉积物pH、Eh分布及制约因素[J]. 沉积学报, 2008,26(5):820-827. Qi H Y, Fan D J, Xu L, et al. The states of pH, Eh in surface sediments of the Yangtze River Estuary and its adjacent areas and their controlling factors[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinic, 2008,26(5):820-827.
[18]	Nemati K, Abu Bakar N K, Abas M R, et al. Speciation of heavy metals by modified BCR sequential extraction procedure in different depths of sediments from Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2011,192(1):402-10.
[19]	Chapman P M. Sediment quality criteria from the sediment quality triad:an example[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1986, 5(11):957-964.
[20]	李娟娟,马金涛,楚秀娟,等.用地积累指数法和富集因子法对铜矿区土壤重金属污染的安全评价[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2006,(12):135. Li J J, Ma J T, Chu X J, et al. Application of index of geoaccumulation and enrichment factor in safety assessment of heavy metal contamination in soil of copper[N]. China Safety Science Journal, 2006,16(12):135.
[21]	陈国勇,范玉梅,孟昌忠,等.贵州威宁-赫章二叠系乐平统含铁、铝岩系沉积环境及成矿元素富集特征分析[J]. 地质与勘探, 2017,53(2):237-246. Chen G Y, Fan Y M, Meng C Z, et al. Sedimentary environments and mineral element concentration features of iron-aluminum-bearing rock series in the Leping series of Permian of the Weining-Hezhang area, Guizhou[J]. Geology and Exploration, 2017,53(2):237-246.
[22]	Blaser P, Zimmermann S, Luster J, et al. Critical examination of trace element enrichments and depletions in soils:As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in Swiss forest soils.[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2000, 249(1):257-280.
[23]	Schropp S J, Lewis F G, Windom H L, et al. Interpretation of metal concentrations in estuarine sediments of Florida using aluminum as a reference element[J]. Estuaries, 1990,13(3):227-235.
[24]	Muller G. Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River[J]. Geo Journal, 1969,2(108):108-118.
[25]	侯俊.太湖表层沉积物粒度组成时空分布特征及分类命名[J]. 河海大学学报(自然科学版), 2013,41(2):114-119. Hou J, Wang C, Wang P F. Temporal variability and spatial distribution of granulometric composition of surface sediments and classification in Taihu Lake[J]. Journal of Hohai University, 2013,41(2):114-119.
[26]	王金瑾,鲍建国,李立青.东湖沉积物重金属来源与人类活动相关性分析[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2010,33(4):84-90. Wang J J, Bao J G, Li L Q. Sources of heavy metal pollutions in sediments of Lake Donghu and their relationship with anthropogenic activities[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2010,33(4):84-90.
[27]	章守宇,张焕君,焦俊鹏,等.海州湾人工鱼礁海域生态环境的变化[J]. 水产学报, 2006,30(4):475-480. Zhang S Y, Zhang H J, Jiao J P. Change of ecological environment of artificial reef waters in Haizhou Bay[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2006,30(4):475-480.
[28]	李娇,张秀梅,关长涛,等.镂空方型增殖礁上升流特性的粒子图像测速试验[J]. 农业工程学报, 2014,30(24):232-239. Li J, Zhang X M, Guan C T, et al. Characteristics of upwelling of hollow square enhancement reefs based on particle image velocimetry[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2014,30(24):232-239.
[29]	雷鸣,廖柏寒,秦普丰.土壤重金属化学形态的生物可利用性评价[J]. 生态环境学报, 2007,16(5):1551-1556. Lei M, Liao B H, Qin P F. Bioavailability evaluation of chemical forms of heavy metals in soil[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2007, 16(5):1551-1556.
[30]	刘宛宜,杨璐泽,刘淼,等.长春市宽城区总悬浮颗粒物中Cu和Cd的污染特征及化学形态分布研究[J]. 东北师大学报(自然科学版), 2014,46(2):138-143. Liu W Y, Yang L P, Liu M, et al. Study on pollution characteristics and chemical speciation distribution of Cu and Cd in total suspended particulates in Kuancheng District of Changchun City[J]. Journal of Northeast Normal University (Natural Science edition), 2014,46(2):138-143.
[31]	秦晓光,程祥圣,王西蒙.长江口及邻近海域表层沉积物中Cu,Zn, Pb,Cr的分布特征[J]. 海洋通报, 2008,27(4):75-80. Qin X G, Cheng X S, Wang X M. Distribution characteristics of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cr in surface sediments from the estuary of Changjiang and adjacent sea areas[J]. Marine Science Bulletin, 2008,27(4):75-80.
[32]	GB:18668-2002[S]. 国家海洋沉积物质量. GB:18668-2002[S]. National Marine sediment quality.
[33]	王中波,何起祥,杨守业,等.帕德和福克碎屑沉积物分类方法在南黄海表层沉积物编图中的应用与比较[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2008,28(1):1-8. Wang Z B, He Q X, Yang S Y, et al. Shepard's and Folk's application and comparison of the classification of sediments in the surface sediment mapping of the South Yellow Sea[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2008,28(1):1-8.
[34]	陈彬.东海近岸泥质区百年来重金属的高分辨率沉积记录及其对人类活动的响应[D]. 青岛:中国海洋大学, 2011. Chen, B, High resolution depositional records of heavy metals in the mud area of the coastal East China Sea and their response to the human activities[D]. Qingdao:China Ocean University, 2011.
[35]	蒋增杰,方建光,毛玉泽,等.海水鱼类网箱养殖水域沉积物有机质的来源甄别[J]. 中国水产科学, 2012,19(2):348-354. Jiang Z J, Fang J G, Mao Y Z, et al. Sources of sedimentary organic matter in marine fish cage culture waters[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2012,19(2):348-354.
[36]	梁庆洋,齐占会,巩秀玉,等.大亚湾鱼类深水网箱养殖对环境的影响[J]. 南方水产科学, 2017,13(5):25-32. Liang Q X, Qi Z H, Gong X Y, et al. Impact of deep-water net cage fish farming in Daya Bay[J]. Southern China on environment, 2017,13(5):25-32.
[37]	程娟.黄海海域表层海水重金属Cu的络合容量研究[D]. 青岛:中国海洋大学, 2006. Cheng, J. Studies on heavy metal copper complexation capacity in the surface seawater of the Yellow Sea[D]. Qingdao:China Ocean University, 2006.
[38]	贾婷婷,高燕,侯纯强,等.渤海湾近岸人工鱼礁区表层沉积物重金属分布特征及生态风险评价[J]. 环境与健康杂志, 2015,32(12):1092-1096. Jia T T, Gao Y, Hou C C, et al. Distribution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments around artificial reefs in offshore area of Bohai Bay[J]. Journal of Environ Health, 2015,32(12):1092-1096.
[39]	李大鹏,张硕,张中发,等.基于地球化学特性的海州湾海洋牧场沉积物重金属研究[J]. 环境科学, 2017,(11):4525-4536. Li D P, Zhang S, Zhang Z F, Heavy metals in sediments from the Haizhou Bay marine ranching based on geochemical characteristics[J]. Environmental Science, 2017,(11):4525-4536.
[40]	李绪平,吴堑虹,戴塔根.地貌及风向对长沙-株洲-湘潭地区土壤重金属富集的影响[C]//中国矿物岩石地球化学学会学术年会, 2007. Li X P, Wu Z H, Dai T G. Effects of landform and wind direction on heavy metal enrichment in soils of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan area[C]//China Mineral Rock Geochemistry Society Annual Conference, 2007.
[41]	López-López J A, García-Vargas M, Moreno C. A chemometric approach to the evaluation of atmospheric and fluvial pollutant inputs in aquatic systems:the Guadalquivir River estuary as a case study[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2011,159(5):1136-43.