生活垃圾重金属对环卫工人身体健康影响研究

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (15)

全文: PDF (712 KB) HTML (1 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要以珠江三角洲5市（广州、深圳、佛山、惠州和肇庆）生活垃圾为研究对象，分析了55个生活垃圾样品的干基组分及典型重金属（As、Cd、Hg、Cr和Pb）的含量，采用主成分因子分析探论重金属的主要影响因素及可能来源，并结合人体健康风险评价模型，用蒙特卡洛模拟定量评价生活垃圾收运、分类及处理各环节环卫工人的健康风险.结果表明，珠江三角洲5市生活垃圾中As、Cd、Hg、Cr和Pb的浓度分别为（4.49±1.18），（1.95±1.96），（0.41±0.60），（147.28±160.48）和（121.59±199.42） mg/kg；生活垃圾中Hg和Pb可能主要来源于金属制品和镀金材料；Cd和Cr可能主要来源于金属制品、镀金材料、快餐垃圾和包装垃圾；As可能主要来源于生活垃圾中的沙土和草木组分.生活垃圾的收运、分类及处理环节，街道清扫保洁工人、分类收运工人和填埋处理工人的非致癌风险基本不用考虑，但致癌风险很高，致癌风险指数最高可达安全阈值的6倍，主要风险暴露途径为手-口摄入（非食物途径）；垃圾焚烧处理工人的非致癌风险和致癌风险均很高，非致癌风险和致癌风险指数最高值分别约为安全阈值的11倍和90倍，主要风险暴露途径为手-口摄入和呼吸吸入；相同暴露环境下，女环卫工人的非致癌风险和致癌风险概率均略高于男环卫工人.因此，生活垃圾收运、分类及处理环节需做好安全防范措施，对重金属人体暴露途径进行阻隔.

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	唐志华
	呼和涛力
	刘敏茹
	尹华
	郭华芳
	熊祖鸿
	陈勇

关键词 ：生活垃圾, 重金属, 暴露途径, 环卫工人, 健康风险

Abstract：The As, Cd, Hg, Cr, and Pb contents (on a dry weight basis) of 55 municipal solid waste (MSW) samples from five cities (Guangzhou, Foshan, Huizhou, Shenzhen, and Zhaoqing) in the Pearl River Delta were determined. Principal component analysis was performed to assess the factors affecting the heavy metal concentrations and possibly identify the sources of the heavy metals. The health risks posed to sanitation workers exposed to heavy metals while collecting, sorting, and disposing of MSW were assessed using a combined health risk assessment model and Monte Carlo simulation. The mean As, Cd, Hg, Cr, and Pb concentrations in the MSW samples were (4.49±1.18)mg/kg, (1.95±1.96)mg/kg, (0.41±0.60)mg/kg, (147.28±160.48)mg/kg, and (121.59±199.42)mg/kg, respectively. Hg and Pb in MSW were probably mainly derived from metalware and materials with metallic coatings. Cd and Cr were derived from metalware and metallic coatings and also from fast food and packaging waste. Element As was probably main derived from soil and grass. Non-carcinogenic risks for workers during waste collection, sorting, and disposal to landfill could be ignored, but carcinogenic risks were very high. The highest carcinogenic risk index was about six times the safety threshold. The highest risks were posed through ingestion after hand-to-mouth contact (not through ingestion of food and drink). Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were both high for waste incineration workers, the highest non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk indices being 11 and 90 times, respectively, the safety thresholds. The highest risks were posed through ingestion after hand-to-mouth contact and inhalation. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were slightly higher for female than male workers for the same exposure situations. Precautions must therefore be taken to decrease the exposure of workers to heavy metals during waste collection, sorting, and disposal.

Key words： municipal solid waste(MSW) heavy metals exposure pathways sanitation workers health risk

收稿日期: 2018-06-15

PACS:	X799.3
	X24

基金资助:广东省科技计划项目（2014A080802009）；广东省博士科研启动基金资助项目（2018A030310084）

通讯作者: 唐志华,助理研究员,tangzh@ms.giec.ac.cn E-mail: tangzh@ms.giec.ac.cn

作者简介: 唐志华(1982-),男,湖南慈利人,助理研究员,博士后,主要从事区域能源与环境可持续发展研究.发表论文10余篇.

引用本文:

唐志华, 呼和涛力, 刘敏茹, 尹华, 郭华芳, 熊祖鸿, 陈勇. 生活垃圾重金属对环卫工人身体健康影响研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2019, 39(3): 1278-1288. TANG Zhi-hua, HUHE Tao-li, LIU Min-ru, YIN Hua, GUO Hua-fang, XIONG Zu-hong, CHEN Yong. Study on influencing of heavy metal in municipal solid waste on health of sanitation workers. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2019, 39(3): 1278-1288.

链接本文:

http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2019/V39/I3/1278

[1]	Tao H-C, Lei T, Shi G, et al.Removal of heavy metals from fly ash leachate using combined bioelectrochemical systems and electrolysis[J]. J Hazard Mater, 2014,264C(2):1-7.
[2]	Robinson T. Removal of toxic metals during biological treatment of landfill leachates[J]. Waste Manage, 2017,63:299-309.
[3]	向明灯,杨林,于云江,等.基于健康风险评估的垃圾焚烧电厂选址研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2013,(S1):165-171. Xiang M-D, Yang L, Yu Y-J, et al.The study on location selection of municipal solid waste incineration power plant based on health risk assessment[J]. China Environmental Science, 2013,33(S1):165-171.
[4]	徐亚,刘玉强,能昌信,等.基于概率风险分析的填埋场安全防护距离研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017,37(7):2786-2792. Xu Y, Liu Y-Q, Nai C-X, et al. A probabilistic risk-based method to determine the safety protection distance for solid waste landfill[J]. China Environmental Science, 2017,37(7):2786-2792.
[5]	Zhou J, Wu S, Pan Y, et al.Enrichment of heavy metals in fine particles of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash and associated health risk[J]. Waste Manage, 2015,43:239-246.
[6]	张金莲,丁疆峰,卢桂宁,等.广东清远电子垃圾拆解区农田土壤重金属污染评价[J]. 环境科学, 2015,36(7):2633-2640. Zhang J-L, Ding J-F, Lu G-N, et al. Heavy metal contamination in farmland soils at an e-waste disassessmbling site in Qingyuan, Guangdong, south China[J]. China Environmental Science, 2015, 36(7):2633-2640.
[7]	Ihedioha JN, Ukoha PO, Ekere NR.Ecological and human health risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in soil of a municipal solid waste dump in Uyo, Nigeria[J]. Environ Geochem Health, 2017,39(3):497-515.
[8]	韩智勇,许模,刘国,等.生活垃圾填埋场地下水污染物识别与质量评价[J]. 中国环境科学, 2015,35(9):2843-2852. Han Z-Y, Xu M, Liu G, et al. Pollutant identification and quality assessment of groundwater near municipal solid waste landfills in China[J]. China Environmental Science, 2015,35(9):2843-2852.
[9]	李美,沈茳,唐承志,等.城市生活垃圾健康危害研究进展[J]. 职业卫生与病伤, 2012,27(5):304-306. Li M, Shen J, Tang S-Z, et al. Research progress of urban living garbage's health hazards[J]. Journal of Occupational Health and Damage, 2012,27(5):304-306.
[10]	张海龙,李祥平,齐剑英,等.生活垃圾焚烧处理设施周边环境重金属污染健康风险评价[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2013,32(8):1670-1676. Zhang H-L, Li X-P, Qi J-Y, et al. Primary research on health risk assessment of heavy metals in the surrounding soil and air of a municipal solid waste incinerator(MSWI), south China[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2013,32(8):1670-1676.
[11]	Kim H-T, Lee T.A simultaneous stabilization and solidification of the top five most toxic heavy metals (Hg, Pb, As, Cr, and Cd)[J]. Chemosphere. 2017,178:479-485.
[12]	黄慧敏,刘强,刘晓一,等.生活垃圾焚烧厂周边大气汞浓度分布及其健康风险评估[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2016,38(7):66-70. Huang H-M, Liu Q, Liu X-Y, et al. Concentration distribution and health risk assessment of mercury emitted from municipal solid waste incineration plant[J]. Environmental Pollution Control, 2016,38(7):66-70.
[13]	李仙粉,任福民,汝宜红,等.北京市生活垃圾中重金属元素污染特性调查[J]. 中国环境监测, 2003,19(3):42-45. Li X-F, Ren F-M, Ru Y-H, et al. The investigation of heavy metal elements in the municipal solid waste of Beijing[J]. Environmental Monitoring in China, 2003,19(3):42-45.
[14]	安晓雯,杨凤林,仉春华,等.大连市城市垃圾填埋场垃圾重金属污染物分析[J]. 中央民族大学学报(自然科学版), 2007,16(3):206-209. An X-W, Yang F-L, Zhang C-H, et al. Analysis on heavy metal pollutants of solid wastes in Dalian municipal landfill[J].Journal of the CUN(Natural Sciences Edition), 2007,16(3):206-209.
[15]	李晓勇,胡雨燕,夏苏湘,等.上海市生活垃圾重金属污染特征分析[J]. 环境卫生工程, 2013,21(5):22-24. Li X-Y, Hu Y-Y, Xia S-X, et al. Pollution characteristics of heavy metals from Shanghai domestic waste[J]. Environmental Sanitation Engineering, 2013,21(5):22-24.
[16]	刘育辰,王莉淋,伍钧,等.四川省城市生活垃圾特性及其重金属污染分析[J]. 环境工程学报, 2015,9(12):6010-6018. Liu Y-C, Wang L-L, Wu J, et al. Pollution and source analysis of heavy metals in municipal solid waste in Sichuan[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2015,9(12):6010-6018.
[17]	贾悦,王震,夏苏湘,等.上海市生活垃圾重金属来源分析及污染风险评价[J]. 环境卫生工程, 2015,23(4):31-34. Jia Y, Wang Z, Xia S-P, et al. Source analysis and pollution risk assessment of heavy metals from Shanghai domestic waste[J]. Environmental Sanitation Engineering, 2015,23(4):31-34.
[18]	银燕春,王莉淋,肖鸿,等.成都市区、城郊和农村生活垃圾重金属污染特性及来源[J]. 环境工程学报, 2015,9(1):392-400. Yin C-Y, Wang L-L, Xiao H, et al. Characteristics and sources of heavy metal pollution in urban, suburban and rural domestic waste of Chengdu, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2015,9(1):392-400.
[19]	楼紫阳,柴晓利,赵由才,等.生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液性质随时间变化关系研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2007,27(6):987-992. Lou Z-Y, Chai X-L, Zhao Y-C, et al. Leachate composition changes over time:data from the Laogang landfill in Shanghai[J]. Acta Scientiate Circum stantiae, 2007,27(6):987-992.
[20]	刘永德,何品晶,邵立明.太湖流域农村生活垃圾面源污染贡献值估算[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2008,27(4):1442-1445. Liu Y-D, He P-J, Shao L-M. Calculation of contribution value of non-point source pollution of rural refuse in Tai lake region[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2008,27(4):1442-1445.
[21]	齐剑英,张海龙,方建德,等.垃圾焚烧设施周边环境空气重金属分布特征及呼吸暴露风险[J]. 中国环境科学, 2013,33(S1):113-118. Qi J-Y, Zhang H-L, Fang J-D, et al. Characterization of airborne particulate metals in the surroundings of a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) in the Nanshan Shenzhen and health risk assessment via inhalation exposure[J]. China Environmental Science, 2013,33(S1):113-118.
[22]	王春铭,高云华,张登伟,等.广州增城市垃圾填埋场封场土壤及植物重金属调查与评价[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2013,32(4):714-720. Wang C-M, Gao Y-H, Zhang D-W, et al. Investigation and assessment of heavy metals in soil and plants from a sealed landfill in Zengcheng, Guangzhou, China[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2013,32(4):714-720.
[23]	张厚坚,刘海娟,黄世清,等.城市生活垃圾焚烧处理过程中重金属迁移规律研究[J]. 环境工程学报, 2013,7(11):4569-4574. Zhang H-J, Liu H-J, Huang S-Q, et al. Study on the migration rule of heavy metal in waste incineration[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2013,7(11):4569-4574.
[24]	高智群.电子垃圾拆解区水稻重金属空间变异特征及健康风险评价[D]. 杭州:浙江农林大学, 2015. Gao Z-Q. Spatial variation and health risk assessment of heavy metals in rice in an e-waste disassembling area[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang A & F University, 2015.
[25]	王月,安达,席北斗,等.基于三角随机模拟的生活垃圾填埋场地下水环境健康风险评价模型[J]. 环境工程技术学报, 2016,6(1):49-56. Wang Y, An D, Xi B-D, et al. Assessment model of landfill sites groundwater environmental health risk based on stochastic simulation -triangular fuzzy numbers[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology, 2016,6(1):49-56.
[26]	CJ/T 313-2009城市生活垃圾采样和物理分析方法[S]. CJ/T 313-2009Methods of sampling and physical analysis of municipal solid waste[S].
[27]	GB 5085.3-2007危险废物鉴别标准-浸出毒性鉴别[S]. GB 5085.3-2007 Hazardous waste identification standard-leaching toxicity identification[S].
[28]	CJ/T 98-1999城市生活垃圾汞的测定冷原子吸收分光法[S]. CJ/T 98-1999 Determination of mercury in municipal solid waste-cold atomic absorption spectrometry[S].
[29]	USEPA. Exposure Factors Handbook, final ed[M]. Washington, DC:United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2011:59-87.
[30]	Schuhmacher M, Meneses M, Xifró A, et al.The use of Monte-Carlo simulation techniques for risk assessment:study of a municipal waste incinerator[J]. Chemosphere, 2001,43(4-7):787.
[31]	国家环境保护局.中国土壤元素背景值[M]. 北京:中国环境科学出版社, 1990:1-223. Environmental Protection Agency.The background contents of trace elements in Chinese soil[M]. Beijing:China Environmental Science Press, 1990:1-223.
[32]	Jiang Y, Chao S, Liu J, et al.Source apportionment and health risk assessment of heavy metals in soil for a township in Jiangsu Province, China[J]. Chemosphere, 2017,168:1658-1668.
[33]	赵曦,李娟,黄艺,等.广东某大型城市生活垃圾焚烧厂9种重金属的迁移特征[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2015,37(6):18-23. Zhao X, Li J, Huang Y, et al. Partitioning characteristics of nine heavy metals in a municipal solid waste incinerator in Guangdong[J]. Environmental Pollution & Control, 2015,37(6):18-23.
[34]	张海龙,李祥平,林必桂,等.珠江三角洲某垃圾焚烧厂周边环境空气重金属分布特征研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2013,33(7):1833-1839. Zhang H-L, Li X-P, Lin B-G, et al. Characterization of airborne particulate metals in the surroundings of a municipal solid waste incinerator(MSWI) in the Pearl River Delta[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2013,33(7):1833-1839.
[35]	刘明,陈来国,许振成,等.珠江三角洲地区生活垃圾焚烧厂汞的排放特征[J]. 环境科学学报, 2013,33(11):2953-2958. Liu M, Chen G-L, Xu Z-C, et al. Mercury emission characteristics from municipal solid waste incineration in Pearl River Delta region[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2013,33(11):2953-2958.
[36]	黄慧敏,刘强,刘晓一,等.生活垃圾焚烧厂周边大气汞浓度分布及其健康风险评估[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2016,38(7):66-70. Huang H-M, Liu Q, Liu X-Y, et al. Concentration distribution and health risk assessment of mercury emitted from municipal solid waste incineration plant[J]. Environmental Pollution & Control, 2016, 38(7):66-70.
[37]	Chen H, Teng Y, Lu S, et al.Source apportionment and health risk assessment of trace metals in surface soils of Beijing metropolitan, China[J]. Chemosphere, 2016,144:1002-1011.
[38]	Allan M, Richardson GM, Jones-Otazo H.Probability Density Functions Describing 24-Hour Inhalation Rates for Use in Human Health Risk Assessments:An Update and Comparison[J]. Human & Ecological Risk Assessment, 1998,14(2):372-391.
[39]	Smith RL.Use of Monte Carlo Simulation for Human Exposure Assessment at a Superfund Site[J]. Risk Anal., 2010,14(4):433-439.
[40]	Li Z, Ma Z, Kuijp T J V D, et al. A review of soil heavy metal pollution from mines in China:pollution and health risk assessment[J]. Sci Total Environ, 2014,468-469:843-853.
[41]	USEPA. Supplemental Guidance for Developing Soil Screening Levels for Superfund Sites[R]. Washington, DC:United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2002.
[42]	Finley B, Proctor D, Scott P, et al.Recommended distributions for exposure factors frequently used in health risk assessment[J]. Risk Analysis, 1994,14(4):533-553.
[43]	Katsumata P, Kastenberg W.On the Impact of Future Land Use Assumptions on Risk Analysis for Superfund Sites[J]. J Air Waste Manag Assoc, 1997,47(8):881-889.
[44]	张宏艳.循环经济的"3R"原则在城郊生活垃圾领域的运用[J]. 生态经济(学术版), 2010,(2):405-407. Zhang H-Y. Application of 3R priciples of cyclic economy on the waste area of suburb[J]. Ecological economy(the academic version), 2010,(2):405-407.
[45]	段雄伟,高海硕,黎华寿,等.广东省农村生活垃圾组分及其污染特性分析[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2013,32(7):1486-1492. Duan W-X, Gao H-S, Li H-T, et al.Component analysis and pollution characteristics of domestic waste in rural area of Guangdong province, China[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2013,32(7):1486-1492.
[46]	任福民,李仙粉.北京市生活垃圾中重金属元素的污染特性调查及对策[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2003,13(1):49-52. Ren F-M, Li X-F. Investigation on heavy metal pollutants in urban garbage of Beijing city and their countermeasures[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2003,13(1):49-52.
[47]	Tang J, Han WZ, Li N, et al.Multivariate Analysis of Heavy Metal Element Concentrations in Atmospheric Deposition in Harbin City, Northeast China[J]. Spectroscopy & Spectral Analysis, 2011,31(11):3087-3091.
[48]	Anju M, Banerjee DK.Multivariate statistical analysis of heavy metals in soils of a Pb-Zn mining area, India[J]. Environ Monit Assess, 2012,184(7):4191-4206.
[49]	唐志华,黄宁生,欧阳婷萍,等.云浮硫铁矿开采对周边表土稀土元素影响研究[J]. 地球化学, 2016,45(5):527-536. Tang Z-H, Huang N-S, Ouyang T-P, et al. Study on the influence of pyrite mining in Yunfu on the contents of rare earth elements in surrounding top soils[J]. Geochimica, 2016,45(5):527-536.
[50]	Slack RJ, Gronow JR, Voulvoulis N.Household hazardous waste in municipal landfills:contaminants in leachate[J]. Sci Total Environ, 2005,337(1):119-137.
[51]	杨巧艳,查坤.垃圾填埋处理中微量金属元素迁移和转变特性分析[J]. 四川环境, 2005,24(6):96-98. Yang Q-Y, Zha K. Analysis of transfer and conversion characteristics of trace metal pollutants in MSW landfill[J]. Sichuan Environment, 2005,24(6):96-98.
[52]	张玉霞,王洪涛.食品接触塑料材料中重金属的现状分析[J]. 上海塑料, 2012,(3):18-22. Zhang Y-X, Wang H-T.Current situation analysis on heavy metal in food contact plastic materials[J]. Shanghai Plastics, 2012,(3):18-22.
[53]	杜锋,程温莹,程艳茹,等.对生活垃圾焚烧产物中重金属的探讨[J]. 环境科学与管理, 2011,36(9):72-74. Du F, Cheng W-Y, Cheng Y-R, et al. Study on heavy metals in incineration products of domestic wastes[J]. Environmental Science and Management, 2011,36(9):72-74.
[54]	杨淑英,刘晓红,张增强,等.杨凌城市生活垃圾中重金属元素的污染特性分析[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2005,24(1):148-153. Yang S-Y, Liu X-H, Zhang Z-Q, et al. A pollution characteristics of heavy metals in municipal solid waste of Yangling city[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2005,24(1):148-153.
[55]	王玮,魏小林,盛宏至.城市生活垃圾中微量金属元素含量的特性分析[J]. 环境工程, 2004,22(5):48-50. Wang W, Wei X-L, Sheng H-Z. Analysis on the characteristics of trace metal elements in municipal solid waste[J]. Environmental Engineering, 22(5):48-50.
[56]	Fryer M, Collins CD, Ferrier H, et al.Human exposure modelling for chemical risk assessment:a review of current approaches and research and policy implications[J]. Environmental Science & Policy, 2006, 9(3):261-274.
[57]	Cao H, Chen J, Zhang J, et al.Heavy metals in rice and garden vegetables and their potential health risks to inhabitants in the vicinity of an industrial zone in Jiangsu, China[J]. Environ Sci, 2010,22(11):1792-1799.