Numerical simulation of SVE in groundwater table fluctuation zone based on TMVOC
WANG Ying1,2, WANG Yang1, TANG Jun1, LI Juan1, YANG Yang1, BAI Shun-guo2, SHI Jun-xiang1,3
1. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Institute of Water Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;
2. Institute of Urban and Rural Construction, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China;
3. Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
The effects of groundwater table fluctuation (GTF) on the remediation of a petrochemically polluted riverside in northwestern China by soil vapor extraction (SVE) were investigated. The migration and transformation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-xylene (BTEX) in cases of natural attenuation and SVE with GTF were simulated using TMVOC model. The remediation rates of BTEX were analyzed by remediation effect, transformation among phases, and saturation variation under different conditions. The results showed that the optimized extraction well pressure and influencing radius of the target site were 9.1×104Pa and 8m, respectively. The removal rates of BTEX in cases of natural attenuation, SVE without GTF, and SVE with GTF were 17%, 85%, and 96%, respectively. The NAPL saturation can reach as high as 0.066 and 0.044 in case of SVE without GTF, and SVE with GTF, respectively. In case of SVE without GTF, the remediation rate of BTEX in gas, aqueous, and NAPL phase decreased gradually. In case of SVE with GTF, more NAPL phase contaminant was transported to gas phase contaminant, and extracted by SVE during the stage of falling groundwater tables.
王颖, 汪洋, 唐军, 李娟, 杨洋, 白顺果, 史俊祥. 基于TMVOC的水位波动带土壤气相抽提模拟[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020, 40(1): 350-356.
WANG Ying, WANG Yang, TANG Jun, LI Juan, YANG Yang, BAI Shun-guo, SHI Jun-xiang. Numerical simulation of SVE in groundwater table fluctuation zone based on TMVOC. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2020, 40(1): 350-356.
范亚维,周启星.BTEX的环境行为与生态毒理[J]. 生态学杂志, 2008,27(4):632-638. Fan Y W, Zhou Q X. Research advances on environmental behavior and ecological toxicology of BTEX[J]. Research of Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2008,27(4):632-638.
[2]
Bolden A L, Kwiatkowski C F, Colborn T. New look at BTEX:Are ambient levels a problem?[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2015,49(9):5261-5276.
[3]
Sam K, Coulon F, Prpich G. Management of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated sites in Nigeria:Current challenges and future direction[J]. Land Use Policy, 2017,64:133-144.
[4]
Chen J S, Liang C P, Chen C Y, et al. Composite analytical solutions for a soil vapor extraction system[J]. Hydrological Processes, 2010, 21(11):1506-1516.
[5]
李佳,曹兴涛,隋红,等.石油污染土壤修复技术研究现状与展望[J]. 石油学报(石油加工), 2017,33(5):811-833. Li J, Cao X T, Sui H, Overview of remediation technologies for petroleum-contaminated soils[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section), 2017,33(5):811-833.
[6]
Rathfelder K, Yeh W G, Mackay D. Mathematical simulation of soil vapor extraction systems:Model development and numerical examples[J]. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 1991,8(3/4):263-297.
[7]
Kacem M. Models for soil vapor extraction and multiphase extraction design and monitoring[M]. Diagnostic Techniques in Industrial Engineering. 2017:171-190.
[8]
Yang Y S, Li P, Zhang X, et al. Lab-based investigation of enhanced BTEX attenuation driven by groundwater table fluctuation[J]. Chemosphere, 2017,169:678-684.
[9]
Sun L, Chen Y, Jiang L, et al. Numerical simulation of the effect about groundwater level fluctuation on the concentration of BTEX dissolved into source zone[A]//Iop Conference Series:Earth & Environmental Science[C]. IOP Conference Series:Earth and Environmental Science, 2018.
[10]
You K, Zhan H. Can atmospheric pressure and water table fluctuations be neglected in soil vapor extraction?[J]. Advances in Water Resources, 2012,35(none):41-54.
[11]
Yoon H, Kim J H, Liljestrand H M, et al. Effect of water content on transient nonequilibrium NAPL-gas mass transfer during soil vapor extraction[J]. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 2002,54(1/2):1-18.
[12]
Dixon K L, Nichols R L. Soil vapor extraction system design:A case study comparing vacuum and pore-gas velocity cutoff criteria[J]. Remediation Journal, 2006,17(1):55-67.
[13]
杜川,陈素云,牛耕.SVE技术中抽提真空度及相关参数的应用分析[J]. 环境工程, 2017,35(12):189-193. Du C, Chen S Y, Niu G. Application analysis of extracting vacuum and related parametersin SVE technology[J]. Environmental Engineering, 2017,35(12):189-193.
[14]
Armstrong J E, Frind E O, Mcclellan R D. Nonequilibrium mass transfer between the vapor, aqueous, and solid phases in unsaturated soils during vapor extraction[J]. Water Resources Research, 1994, 30(2):355-368.
[15]
Rathfelder K M, Lang J R, Abriola L M. A numerical model (MISER) for the simulation of coupled physical, chemical and biological processes in soil vapor extraction and bioventing systems[J]. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 2000,43(3/4):239-270.
[16]
Huang J, Goltz M N. Analytical solutions for a soil vapor extraction model that incorporates gas phase dispersion and molecular diffusion[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2017,549:452-460.
[17]
Lu Y, Fan W, Yang Y S, et al. Mathematical modeling of differentiation processes in porous media during soil vapor extraction (SVE) remediation of contaminated soil/water[J]. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 2013,224(4):1491.
[18]
Vanantwerp D J, Falta R W, Gierke J S. Numerical simulation of field-scale contaminant mass transfer during air sparging[J]. Vadose Zone Journal, 2008,7(1):294.
[19]
杨明星.石油有机污染组分在水位波动带中的分异演化机理研究[D]. 长春:吉林大学, 2014. Yang M X. Fate and transport of petroleum organic compounds in water table fluctuation zone[D]. Changchun:Jilin University, 2014.
[20]
施小清,张可霓,吴吉春.TOUGH2软件的发展及应用[J]. 工程勘察, 2009,37(10):29-34. Shi X Q, Zhang K N, Wu J C. The history and application of TOUGH2 code[J]. Research of Geotechnical Investigation, 2009, 37(10):29-34.
[21]
Pruess K, Battistelli A. TMVOC, simulator for multiple volatile organic chemicals[R]. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States), 2003.
[22]
Pruess K, Battistelli A. TMVOC, A numerical simulator for three-phase non-isothermal flows of multicomponent hydrocarbon mixtures in variably saturated heterogeneous media[R]. Office of Scientific & Technical Information Technical Reports, 2005.
[23]
陈建峰.降雨入渗补给规律的分析研究[J]. 地下水, 2010,32(2):30-31. Chen J F. Research on the law of infiltration recharge by rainfall[J]. Ground Water, 2010,32(2):30-31.
[24]
陈华清,李义连.地下水苯系物污染原位曝气修复模拟研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2010,30(1):46-51. Chen H Q, Li Y L. Simulation on in-situ air sparging remediation of BTEX-contaminated groundwater[J]. Research of China Environmental Science, 2010,30(1):46-51.
[25]
杨洋,赵传军,李娟,等.低温条件下基于TMVOC的土壤气相抽提技术数值模拟[J]. 环境科学研究, 2017,30(10):1587-1596. Yang Y, Zhao C J, Li J, et al. Numerical simulation through SVE technique based on TMVOC under low temperature[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2017,30(10):1587-1596.
[26]
米东,樊皓,罗小勇,等.基于转移概率随机模拟的DNAPL运移二维和三维数值模拟对比研究[J]. 高校地质学报, 2016,22(4):733-740. Mi D, Fan H, Luo X Y, et al. Comparison of Two-dimensional and Three-dimensional Simulations of DNAPL Migration in Saturated Porous Media[J]. Geological Journal of China Universities, 2016, 22(4):733-740.
[27]
樊艳玲,姜林,张丹,等.空气注射修复苯污染地下水模拟研究[J]. 环境科学, 2012,33(11):3927-3934. Fan Y L, Jiang L, Zhang D, et al. Simulation on remediation of benzene contaminated groundwater by air sparging[J]. Environmental Science, 2012,33(11):3927-3934.
[28]
杰夫?郭.土壤及地下水修复工程设计[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社, 2013:133-162. Kuo J. Practical design calculations for groundwater and soil remediation, second edition[M]. Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2013:133-162.
[29]
You K, Zhan H, Li J. A new solution and data analysis for gas flow to a barometric pumping well[J]. Advances in Water Resources, 2010,33(12):1444-1455.
[30]
刘晓娜,程莉蓉,张可霓,等.地下水LNAPL层的原位曝气模拟研究[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2012,35(2):19-24. Liu X N, Cheng L R, Zhang K N, et al. Simulation of in-situ air sparging remediation of LNAPL-contaminated groundwater[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2012,35(2):19-24.
[31]
黄国强,李鑫钢,徐世民.土壤气相抽提作用机制探讨和基本数学模型建立[J]. 土壤学报, 2004,41(3):394-400. Huang G Q, Li X G, Xu S M. Soil Vapor Extraction:Mechanisms and Basic Mathematical Model[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2004,41(3):394-400.
[32]
王慧玲,王峰,陈素云,等.土壤气相抽提技术去污规律及土层压力变化特征分析[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2011,33(12):48-51+55. Wang H L, Wang F, Chen S Y, et al. The decontamination rule and characteristic of soil pressure variation for use soil vapor extraction system[J]. 2011,33(12):48-51+55.
[33]
Simpanen S, Yu D, Mäkelä R, et al. Soil vapor extraction of wet gasoline-contaminated soil made possible by electroosmotic dewatering-lab simulations applied at a field site[J]. Journal of soils and sediments, 2018,18(11):3303-3309.