Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of sand dust and meteorological drivers in the Arabian Peninsula
GAO Fei1, HAN Yong-xiang1, PAN Lin1, LU Zheng-qi1, ZHAO Tian-liang1, LI Zhe2
1. Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
2. Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Henan Electric Power Company, Zhengzhou 450052, China
Based on the analysis of the spatial-temporal distribution of dust weather, the wind fields, and the AI(Aerosols Index) at 90 stations over the past 20 years, the occurrences and transport pathways of dust weather in this region are identified. Permanently dusty land was the source of most blowing sand weathers on the peninsula, beginning to expand in February and peaking in June. The distribution of floating dust was similar, but with another high-value center in the northern Hijaz Mountains, connecting with the high-value area of permanently dusty land in March, reaching its maximum area in June-July, after then shrinking and splitting into several small parts. The AI Index was distributed as a "down arrow" relatively high value center, with an evident unimodal distribution. The intensity and area of AI reached a peak in June. From October to April and from May to September, the wind direction in the peninsula respectively shifted clockwise and counterclockwise, driving dust transport downstream. Synoptic analysis showed that with the cold front invading the peninsula the cold air moved quickly from the north lifting the warm air, which was the main reason for the dust weather. The backward trajectory clustering analysis presented three transport routes over the peninsula, to the Sahara desert in the northwest direction, from Iraq or Iran by counter cyclone field, and the local transport.
高菲, 韩永翔, 潘琳, 陆正奇, 赵天良, 李哲. 阿拉伯半岛沙尘时空分布特征及气象条件[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020, 40(2): 554-563.
GAO Fei, HAN Yong-xiang, PAN Lin, LU Zheng-qi, ZHAO Tian-liang, LI Zhe. Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of sand dust and meteorological drivers in the Arabian Peninsula. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2020, 40(2): 554-563.
Sissakian V, Al-Ansari N, Knutsson S. Sand and dust storm events in Iraq[J]. Natural Science, 2013,5(10):1084-1094.
[2]
Maghrabi A, Alharbi B, Tapper N. Impact of the March 2009 dust event in Saudi Arabia on aerosol optical properties, meteorological parameters, sky temperature and emissivity[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2011,45(13):2164-2173.
[3]
D'Almeida G A, Koepke P, Shettle E P. Atmospheric aerosols:global climatology and radioactive characteristics[M]. Hampton, Virginia:Deepak Publishing, 1991:55-59.
[4]
Huang J, Minnis P, Yi Y, et al. Summer dust aerosols detected from CALIPSO over the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2007,34(18):529-538.
[5]
Tummon F, Solmon F, Liousse C, et al. Simulation of the direct and semi-direct aerosol effects on the southern Africa regional climate during the biomass burning season[J]. Geophysical Research, 2010, 115(19).
[6]
Stier P, Feichter J, Kinne S, et al. The aerosol-climate model ECHAM5-HAM[J]. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2005,5(4):1125-1156.
[7]
Tegen I, Harrison S P, Kohfeld K, et al. Impact of vegetation and preferential source areas on global dust aerosol:results from a model study[J]. Geophysical Research, 2002,107(D21):4576-4597.
[8]
Engelstaedter S, Tegen I, Washington R. North African dust emissions and transport[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2006,79(1/2):73-100.
[9]
Ginoux P, Prospero J M, Gill T E, et al. Global scale attribution of anthropogenic and natural dust sources and their emission rates based on MODIS deep blue aerosol products[J]. Reviews of Geophysics, 2012,50(3).
[10]
Tanaka T Y, Chiba M. A numerical study of the contributions of dust source regions to the global dust budget[J]. Global and Planetary Change, 2006,52(1-4):88-104.
[11]
Jish Prakash P, Stenchikov G, Kalenderski S, et al. The impact of dust storms on the Arabian Peninsula and the Red Sea[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 2014,14(13):19181-19245.
[12]
Rezazadeh M, Irannejad P, Shao Y. Climatology of the Middle East dust events[J]. Aeolian Research, 2013,10:103-109.
[13]
Bou Karam F D, Flamant C, Chaboureau J P, et al. Dust emission and transport over Iraq associated with the summer Shamal winds[J]. Aeolian Research, 2017,24:15-31.
[14]
Washington R W, Todd M C, Middleton N, et al. Dust-storm source areas determined by the total ozone monitoring spectrometer and surface observations[J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 2003,93(2):297-313.
[15]
Wilkerson W D. Dust and sand forecasting in Iraq and adjoining countries[M]. USA:Air Weather Service, Scott Air Force Base, 1991:62225-65008.
[16]
Notaro M, Alkolibi F, Fadda E et al. Trajectory analysis of Saudi Arabian dust storms[J]. Geophysical Research, 2013,118(12):6028-6043.
[17]
Hamidi M, Kavianpour M R, Shao Y. A quantitative evaluation of the 3-8July 2009 Shamal dust storm[J]. Aeolian Research, 2017,24:133-143.
[18]
Jish Prakash P, Stenchikov G, Kalenderski S, et al. The impact of dust storms on the Arabian Peninsula and the Red Sea[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 2015,15(1):199-222.
[19]
Yu Y, Notaro M, Kalashnikova O V, et al. Climatology of summer Shamal wind in the Middle East[J]. Geophysical Research:Atmospheres, 2016,120(1):289-305.
[20]
Prospero J M, Ginoux P, Torres O, et al. Environmental characterization of global sources of atmospheric soil dust identified with the NIMBUS 7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) absorbing aerosol product[J]. Reviews of Geophysics, 2002,40(3):1002-1032.
[21]
Kutiel H, Furman H. Dust storms in the Middle East:sources of origin and their temporal characteristics[J]. Indoor Built Environ., 2003, 12(6):419-426.
[22]
Barkan J, Kutiel H, Alpert P. Climatology of dust sources in North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, based on TOMS data[J]. Indoor and Built Environment, 2004,13(6):407-419.
[23]
Mohalfi S, Bedi H S, Krishnamurti T N, et al. Impact of shortwave effects on the summer season heat low over Saudi Arabia[J]. Monthly Weather Review, 1998,126(12):3153-3168.
[24]
Awad A M, Mashat A W S. Synoptic features associated with dust transition processes from North Africa to Asia[J]. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2014,7(6):2451-2467.
[25]
GB/T20480-2006沙尘暴天气等级[S]. GB/T20480-2006 Grade of sand and dust storm weather[S].
[26]
刘建慧,赵天良,韩永翔.全球沙尘气溶胶源汇分布及其变化特征的模拟分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2013,33(10):1741-1750. Liu J H, Zhao T L, Han Y X. Modeling study on distributions and variations of global dust aerosol sources and sinks[J]. China Environmental Science, 2013,33(10):1741-1750.
[27]
王靖波,潘懋,张绪定.基于Kriging方法的空间散乱点插值[N]. 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 1999,11(6):525-529. Wang J B, Pan M, Zhang X D. The Kriging interpolation method for[N]. Jouraal of Computer Aided Desigh & Computer Graphics, 1999,11(6):525-529.
[28]
Gherboudj I, Naseema Beegum S, Ghedira H. Identifying natural dust source regions over the Middle-East and North-Africa:Estimation of dust emission potential[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2017,165:342-355.
[29]
Nabavi S O, Haimberger L, Samimi C. Climatology of dust distribution over West Asia from homogenized remote sensing data[J]. Aeolian Research, 2016,21:93-107.
[30]
Garzanti E, Vermeesch P, Andò S, et al. Provenance and recycling of Arabian desert sand[J]. Earth Sci.Rev, 2013,120:1-19.
[31]
Tuncay E, Fatih M. Synoptic analysis of dust storm over Arabian Peninsula:a case study on February 28, 2009[J]. Natural Hazards, 2018,92:805-827.
[32]
Hermida L, Merino A. Characterization of synoptic patterns causing dust outbreaks that affect the Arabian Peninsula[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2018:29-39.
[33]
Naseema S, Gherboudj I, Chaouch N. Simulation and analysis of synoptic scale dust storms over the Arabian Peninsula[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2018,199:62-81.
[34]
Han Y, Wang K, Liu F. The contribution of dust devils and dusty plumes to the aerosol budget in western China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2016,126:21-27.
