Characterization of AuNP-enhanced SPR biosensor for Pb2+ detection
XU Qi-yong, WANG Shuo-kang, BAO Qi, ZHANG Shan-fa, WU Hua-nan
Engineering Laboratory for Eco-Efficient Recycled Materials and Heavy Metal Surveillance Technology Center, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
In order to cope with the challenge of simple methods for Pb2+ detection, a novel ultra-sensitive, highly specific surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor was developed. Thiolated GR-5DNAzyme was used for specific recognition of Pb2+ and immobilized on the SPR sensor surface. Substrate functionalized gold nanoparticles (S-AuNPs) were used for signal enhancement and hybridized with DNAzyme for the formation of the Pb2+ sensing layer. The enhancement of SPR signal was induced by the mass of AuNPs and the coupling effect between their local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and the SPR propagated on the chip surface. In the presence of Pb2+ ions, the substrate cleavage was catalyzed by DNAzyme, resulting in the removal of AuNPs and the significant weakening of SPR signal. The sensor surface was characterized and analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectrometer and field emission scanning electron microscope, and the detection mechanism was verified. The biosensor incorporating 1 μmol/L DNAzyme showed the best Pb2+ detection performance. Its detection limit was 80pmol/L, and the SPR angle shift demonstrated a linear relationship with the logarithm of Pb2+ concentration in the range of 10~100nmol/L. It also showed good specificity against highly concentrated other metal ions. These results of Pb2+ detection in tap water and ground water showed good consistency with the ICP-MS measurements. This Pb2+ detection method features high sensitivity and specificity, and may have application prospects for onsite detection due to its simplicity.
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