贵州植物物种高丰富度区域人类干扰变化分析

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摘要结合地面调查和卫星遥感监测手段,基于贵州省维管植物、濒危植物物种、特有物种野外调查数据的整理和空间化,叠加形成物种高丰富度区,结合1990~2018年贵州土地利用和人类干扰遥感监测数据,对其动态变化进行分析,结果表明:1)贵州植物物种高丰富度区域主要分布在册亨县、安定县、兴义市、兴仁县、凯里市、雷山县、印江土家族苗族自治县、龙里县西侧、荔波县等地.2018年,物种高丰富度区域内部林草地面积占比为72.63%,高于外部;区域内部人类干扰指数(0.1205)明显大于外部(0.0810);区域内部处于较重度、重度干扰分别占2.58%和2.94%,主要位于兴义市东南部、龙里县西侧、凯里市西南部,而物种高丰富度区外部处于较重度、重度干扰仅分别占0.46%和0.35%.2)2018年,维管植物、濒危物种高丰富度网格处于重度干扰的面积占比最大,分别为3.22%、3.01%.特有物种较低丰富度网格中处于重度干扰的面积占比最大,占4.81%;其次为高丰富度网格,占2.61%. 3)1990~2018年,维管植物、濒危物种、特有物种高丰富度网格的城镇工业用地增加比例最高、重度干扰面积增加最多.城镇工业用地逐渐增加,且在2010~2018年增加最为明显,年变化速率达到17.94%/a,是物种高丰富度区域外部的1.80倍,主要表现为城镇建设和耕地开垦. 4)1990~2018年,贵州物种高丰富度区域人类干扰指数增加幅度为3.47%,约为外部增加幅度的6.43倍,其中,重度干扰面积增加2.18%,人类干扰指数明显增加区域主要位于兴义市、龙里县西侧、凯里市等地.本文实现物种生境野外实地调查数据和定期卫星遥感监测相结合的方法,开展物种高丰富度区域生境遥感动态监测,在物种生境保护和管理方面具有较高应用价值.

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关键词 ：贵州省, 物种丰富度, 土地利用变化, 人类干扰程度

Abstract：This paper combined ground survey and satellite remote sensing monitoring methods, based on the collation and spatialization of the field survey data of vascular plants, endangered plant species, and endemic species in Guizhou Province, superimposed to form a high-abundance region of species, combined with the land use changes and The human disturbance remote sensing dynamic monitoring data in Guizhou from 1990 to 2018. The conclusions are mainly drawn by the following: 1) The highest-species richness areas of Guizhou Province are mainly distributed in Ceheng County, Anding County, Xingyi City, Xingren County, Kaili City, Leishan County, Yinjiang Tujia Miao Autonomous County, west side of Longli County, Libo County and other places. In 2018, the proportion of forest and grassland area in the highest species richness area was 72.63%, which was higher than the outside of the high species richness area. In 2018, the human interference index inside the highest-species richness area was significantly greater than the outside, the average human interference index inside the highest richness area was 0.1205, more than the outside index (0.0810). The inside area is under the heavier and heaviest human disturbances, accounting for 2.58% and 2.94%, respectively, mainly located in the southeast of Xingyi City, the west of Longli County, and the southwest of Kaili City. The outside area under the heavier and heaviest human disturbances, is accounted for 0.46% and 0.35% respectively.2) In 2018, the area with the highest human disturbance in the highest species richness of vascular plants, endangered plant species, accounted for the largest proportion. The area with the highest human disturbance in lower species richness accounted for the largest proportion. 3) The proportion of urban industrial land increased the most, and the area of the largest human disturbance increased the most, in grids with the highest species richness of vascular plants, endangered species, and endemic species. Urban industrial land has gradually increased, and the increase was most obvious from 2010 to 2018, with an annual change rate of 17.94%/a, which is 1.80times of the outside area, and composed of urban construction and cultivated land reclamation.4) The increase in the human disturbance index in the highest species richness area of Guizhou is 3.47%, which is about 6.43times more than the outside index. The area under the heavier human disturbance increased by 2.18%, where the area significantly were mainly located in Xingyi City, the west of Longli County, and Kaili City. Field survey data of plant species and satellite remote sensing monitoring are combined in this paper, and the methods are used for monitoring species high-abundance habitats by remote sensing dynamic, which has high application value in species habitat protection and management.

Key words： Guizhou Province species richness landscape change human disturbance index

收稿日期: 2020-05-25

PACS:

X171.1

基金资助:第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究人类活动影响与生存环境安全评估专题（2019QZKK0608）

通讯作者: 朱海涛,工程师,zhuht@secmep.cn E-mail: zhuht@secmep.cn

作者简介: 刘慧明(1982-),女,山西临县人,正高级工程师,博士,主要从事生态遥感监管研究工作.发表论文30余篇.

引用本文:

刘慧明, 刘晓, 付卓, 朱海涛. 贵州植物物种高丰富度区域人类干扰变化分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2021, 41(1): 412-420. LIU Hui-ming, LIU Xiao, FU Zhuo, ZHU Hai-tao. Analysis of land use and human disturbance changes of high species rich plant species in Guizhou. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2021, 41(1): 412-420.

链接本文:

http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2021/V41/I1/412

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