Socioeconomic factors influencing atmospheric mercury emission changes in China
WU Xiao-hui1, XU Li-xiao1, QI Jian-chuan2, LIANG Sai2, WANG Shu-xiao3
1. School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; 2. Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; 3. School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100875, China
Abstract：Atmospheric mercury emissions in China during 1997~2017 were calculated by the input-output model from the production and final demand perspectives. Combined with structural decomposition analysis, the relative contributions of socioeconomic factors to atmospheric mercury emissions were also analyzed. The results showed that two big production side sectors discharging large amounts of atmospheric mercury emissions were cement and cement asbestos (135t) and nonferrous metal smelting and processing (86t). On the consumption side, the two major sectors with large atmospheric mercury emissions were mainly construction (219t) and motor vehicles (16t). The relative contributions of socioeconomic factors were different across emission sources and sectors. The increase in per capita final demand volume was the dominant factor driving atmospheric mercury emissions, where nonferrous metal smelting and processing, electricity and heat, cement and cement asbestos were the main sectors responsible for the increasing emissions. The decline in mercury emission intensity was the main factor mitigating atmospheric mercury emissions, where nonferrous metal smelting and processing, electricity and heat, cement and cement asbestos were also the main sectors for the reductions. In this period, the changes in the production structure, final demand sectoral structure, and final demand category structure had led to a slight increase in atmospheric mercury emissions. However, in the same period, the number of emission sources and sectors with a decrease in mercury emissions, due to changes in these three structural factors, had also increased. Based on these results, several relevant policy recommendations were proposed from the perspectives of production-chain-wide control and socioeconomic structure optimization.
Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme and United Nations Environment Programme (AMAP/UNEP). Global mercury assessment 2018[R]. Geneva, Switzerland:AMAP/UNEP, 2019.
[2]
Streets D G, Hao J M, Wu Y, et al. Anthropogenic mercury emissions in China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2005,39(40):7789-7806.
[3]
Zhang L, Wang S, Wang L, et al. Updated emission inventories for speciated atmospheric mercury from anthropogenic sources in China[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2015,49(5):3185-3194.
[4]
Tian H Z, Wang Y, Xue Z G, et al. Atmospheric emissions estimation of Hg, As, and Se from coal-fired power plants in China, 2007[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2011,409(16):3078-3081.
[5]
Liu K Y, Wang S X, Wu Q R, et al. A highly resolved mercury emission inventory of Chinese coal-fired power plants[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2018,52(4):2400-2408.
[6]
Wu Z J, Ye H F, Shan Y L, et al. A city-level inventory for atmospheric mercury emissions from coal combustion in China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2020,223:117245.1-117245.10.
[7]
Ye X J, Hu D, Wang H H, et al. Atmospheric mercury emissions from China's primary nonferrous metal (Zn, Pb and Cu) smelting during 1949~2010[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2015,103:331-338.
[8]
Gao J J, Yue T, Zuo P L, et al. Current status and atmospheric mercury emissions associated with large-scale gold smelting industry in China[J]. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 2016,17(1):238-244.
[9]
吴清茹.中国有色金属冶炼行业汞排放特征及减排潜力研究[D]. 北京:清华大学, 2015. Wu Q R. Characteristics and abartement potential of mercury emission for China's nonferrous metal smelting industries[D]. Beijing:Tsinghua University, 2015.
[10]
吴清茹,王书肖,王玉晶.中国有色金属冶炼行业大气汞排放趋势预测[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017,37(7):2401-2413. Wu Q R, Wang S X, Wang Y J. Projections of atmospheric mercury emission trends in China's nonferrous metalsing industry[J]. China Environmental Science, 2017,37(7):2401-2413.
[11]
Pirrone N, Chinirella S, Feng X B, et al. Global mercury emissions to the atmosphere from anthropogenic and natural sources[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2010,10(13):5951-5964.
[12]
Hui M L, Wu Q R, Wang S X, et al. Mercury flows in China and global drivers[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2017,51(1):222-231.
[13]
Liang S, Zhang C, Wang Y F, et al. Virtual atmospheric mercury emission network in China[J]. Environmental science & technology, 2014,48(5):2807-2815.
[14]
Li J S, Chen G Q, Hayat T, et al. Mercury emissions by Beijing's fossil energy consumption:Based on environmentally extended input-output analysis[J]. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015,41:1167-1175.
[15]
Liang S, Xu M, Liu Z, et al. Socioeconomic drivers of mercury emissions in China from 1992to 2007[J]. Environmental science & Technology, 2013,47(7):3234-3240.
[16]
Li J S, Wei W D, Zhen W, et al. How green transition of energy system impacts China's mercury emissions[J]. Earth's Future, 2019,7(12):1407-1416.
[17]
Li J S, Song X H, Guo Y Q, et al. The determinants of China's national and regional energy-related mercury emission changes[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2019,246:505-513.
[18]
Guo Y Q, Zhang B, Chen B, et al. Disparities in socio-economic drivers behind China's provincial energy-related mercury emission changes[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2019,251:109613.1-109613.7.
[19]
Leontief W W. Quantitative input and output relations in the economic systems of the United States[J]. Review of Economic Statistics, 1936,18(3):105-125.
[20]
Dietzenbacher E, Los B. Structural decomposition techniques:sense and sensitivity[J]. Economic Systems Research, 1998,10(4):307-324.
[21]
国家统计局.中国投入产出表1997~2017[M]. 北京:中国统计出版社, 2018. National Bureau of Statistics. Input-output tables of China 1997~2017[M]. Beijing:China Statistics Press, 2017.
[22]
国家统计局.中国统计年鉴1998~2018[M]. 北京:中国统计出版社, 2018. National Bureau of Statistics. China statistical yearbook 1998~2018[M]. Beijing:China Statistics Press, 2018.
[23]
Wu Q R, Wang S X, Li G L, et al. Temporal trend and spatial distribution of speciated atmospheric mercury emissions in China during 1978~2014. Environmental Science & Technology, 2016, 50(24):13428-13435.
[24]
Liu K Y, Wu Q R, Wang L, et al. Measure-specific effectiveness of air pollution control on China's atmospheric mercury concentration and deposition during 2013~2017[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2019,53(15):8938-8946.
[25]
Lenzen M, Moran D, Kanemoto K, et al. Building eora:a global multi-region input-output database at high country and sector resolution[J]. Economic Systems Research, 2013,25(1):20-49.
[26]
Wang Y, Geschke A, Lenzen M. Constructing a time series of nested multiregion input-output tables[J]. International Regional Science Review, 2017,40(5):476-499.
[27]
杨海.中国水泥行业大气汞排放特征及控制策略研究[D]. 北京:清华大学, 2014. Yang H. Study on atmospheric mercury emission and control strategies from cement production in China[D]. Beijing:Tsinghua University, 2014.
[28]
高炜,支国瑞,薛志钢,等.1980~2007年我国燃煤大气汞、铅、砷排放趋势分析[J]. 环境科学研究, 2013,26(8):822-828. Gao W, Zhi G R, Xue Z G, et al. Analysis of atmospheric emission trends of mercury, lead and arsenic from coal combustion in China from 1980~2007[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2013,26(8):822-828.
[29]
偏子豪,陈定江,朱兵,等.中国重化工业资源消耗的社会经济驱动力[J]. 中国环境科学, 2019,39(7):3113-3119. Pian Z H, Chen D J, Zhu B, et al. Socioeconomic drivers of resource consumption of China's heavy chemical industry sectors[J]. China Environmental Science, 2019,39(7):3113-3119.
[30]
Abd Rashid A F, Yusoff S. A review of life cycle assessment method for building industry[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015,45:244-248.
[31]
Sartori I, Hestnes A G. Energy use in the life cycle of conventional and low-energy buildings:A review article[J]. Energy & Buildings, 2007,39(3):249-257.
[32]
黄宝荣,王毅,张慧智,等.北京市分行业能源消耗及国内外贸易隐含能研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2012,32(2):377-384. Huang B R, Wang Y, Zhang H Z, et al. Energy intensity in different sectors of the economy and energy embodied in trade of Beijing based on an input-output model[J]. China Environmental Science, 2012, 32(2):377-384.
[33]
吴晓慧,余亚东,梁赛.广东省CO2排放变化的社会经济影响因素[J]. 环境科学研究, 2021,34(3):772-782. Wu X H, Yu Y D, Liang S. Socioeconomic factors influencing CO2 emissions in Guangdong province[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2021,34(3):772-782.
[34]
Lenzen M, Murray J, Sack F, et al. Shared producer and consumer responsibility-Theory and practice[J]. Ecological Economics, 2007, 61(1):27-42.
