千岛湖流域杭州段人类活动净氮、净磷输入时空分布

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摘要为探究人类活动对流域氮磷输入的影响，基于人类活动净氮、净磷输入模型（NANI、NAPI），分析了2008~2017年千岛湖流域杭州段氮磷输入的时空变化特征及驱动因素.结果表明：年际NANI值呈上升的趋势，10a平均值为2230kg/（km²·a）；年际NAPI值呈先上升后持续下降趋势（峰值出现在2011年）.各子单元空间差异性较为显著，NANI、NAPI值均呈西高东低、南高北低的分布特征.NANI主要输入组分年际间差异显著，2008~2014年NANI的最大贡献源为氮肥施用（37.3%~39.9%），2015~2017年最大贡献源则为大气氮沉降（36.4%~38.4%）；NAPI主要输入组分年际间较为一致，最大贡献源为人类食品和动物饲料磷输入（44.1%~48.1%），其次为磷肥施用（40.3%~43.4%）.影响因子中，农作物种植强度与NANI、NAPI的相关性最显著，分别为0.851和0.806.各子单元NANI、NAPI与入湖TN、TP负荷强度显著相关，NANI变化可解释其63.9%的河流TN负荷变化，NAPI变化可解释其73.3%的河流TP负荷变化.因此，千岛湖流域杭州段面源污染实际管控中应重点关注NANI、NAPI值较高的汾口镇、威坪镇及浪川乡，加强氮磷化肥污染防治，实行污染控源减排策略.

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关键词 ：千岛湖流域, 人类活动净氮输入(NANI), 人类活动净磷输入(NAPI), 输入源, 时空分布

Abstract：To explore the impact of human activities on the input of nitrogen and phosphorus in the Hangzhou section of the Qiandao Lake Basin from 2008 to 2017, the temporal and spatial distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus input and their associated driving factors were analyzed based on the net nitrogen and phosphorus input model of human activities (NANI、NAPI). The results showed that: (1) NANI showed an upward trend with the annual ten-year average value of 2230kg/(km²·a) while NAPI increased firstly and then continued to decrease with the peak value in 2011. The spatial differences of each sub-unit are highly significant. Generally NANI and NAPI were high in the south and west, but low in the north and east. (2) The main input components of NANI had significant inter-annual differences. The largest contributing source of total net nitrogen input was nitrogen fertilizer application (37.3% to 39.9%) from 2008 to 2014, but turned into the atmosphere Nitrogen deposition (36.4% to 38.4%) from 2015 to 2017. In contrast, the main input components of NAPI were relatively consistent across the years. The largest contribution source was the input of phosphorus in human food and animal feed (44.1% to 48.1%), followed by phosphate fertilizer application (40.3% to 43.4%). (3) Among the impact factors, the crop planting intensity was the most significant factor influencing NANI (R²=0.851) and NAPI (R²=0.806). (4) The sub-units NANI and NAPI were significantly related to the load intensity of TN and TP into the lake. Variations in NANI explained 63.9% of the river TN load changes. Meanwhile, variations in NAPI explained 73.3% of the river TP load changes. Therefore, the actual management and control of non-point source pollution in Hangzhou Section of Qiandao Lake Basin should focus on towns, such as Fenkou Town, Weiping Town and Langchuan Township which possessed high NANI、NAPI. In these towns, we should strengthen the prevention and control of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer pollution and implement pollution source control and emission reduction strategies.

Key words： Qiandao Lake basin net anthropogenic nitrogen input (NANI) net anthropogenic phosphorus input (NAPI) input source spatial and temporal distribution

收稿日期: 2020-10-15

PACS:

X524

基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目（51879281）；水利部水利技术示范项目西藏高寒地区水土保持无人机综合监测技术（SF-201902）

通讯作者: 魏天兴,教授,weitx@bjfu.edu.cn E-mail: weitx@bjfu.edu.cn

作者简介: 缪今典(1995-),女,福建宁德人,北京林业大学水土保持学院硕士研究生,主要从事流域自然地理过程研究.

引用本文:

缪今典, 张晓明, 魏天兴, 赵阳, 李鹏, 周立刚. 千岛湖流域杭州段人类活动净氮、净磷输入时空分布[J]. 中国环境科学, 2021, 41(6): 2831-2842. MIAO Jin-dian, ZHANG Xiao-ming, WEI Tian-xing, ZHAO Yang, LI Peng, ZHOU Li-gang. Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of net nitrogen and phosphorus input from human activity: A case study of Hangzhou section of Qiandao Lake Basin. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2021, 41(6): 2831-2842.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2021/V41/I6/2831

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