基于生命周期视角的种养一体化奶牛场环境经济效益评估

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (7)

全文: PDF (568 KB) HTML (1 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要准确评估种养一体化奶牛场的经济性能与环境绩效，是相关支持政策制定的基础，也是促进奶业低碳生产的关键.本文基于生命周期视角，对非种养一体化奶牛场（non-IPBS）和种养一体化奶牛场（IPBS）养殖过程中的温室气体排放、能源消耗、水消耗、土地占用等环境成本和经济效益进行评估.结果表明，non-IPBS生产1t标准牛奶（FPCM）的净收益为1427元，而IPBS的实际净收益提高7%，如果青贮玉米自给率从当前的32%提升到100%，则实际净收益将提高19%，同时，该净收益的提高率取决于耕地流转费用，临界点为14695元/hm²；相比non-IPBS，IPBS生产1tFPCM的温室气体排放、能源消耗、水消耗、土地占用分别减少6%、6%、5%、7%，如果青贮玉米自给率提升到100%，则相应减少16%、16%、11%、14%.IPBS在降低青贮玉米种植的化肥施用、解决养殖场粪便污染等方面优势明显，在提升养殖经济效益、降低温室气体排放等方面具有巨大潜力，值得推广.

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	黄显雷
	师博扬
	张英楠
	龙昭宇
	尹昌斌

关键词 ：生命周期分析, 种养一体化奶牛场, 牛奶生产, 环境成本, 经济效益

Abstract：In milk production, integrated maize silage planting and dairy cow breeding system (IPBS) is considered to be a more sustainable production mode to realize manure, straw and maize silage recycling, which is widely popularized in China. Clarity of mode's economic and environmental performance is supportive of government to formulate relevant policies for promoting sustainable development in milk production and assisting dairy farms with optimal technologies to get lower environmental risks and higher economic benefits. In this study, based on life cycle assessment (LCA), environmental performance and economic benefits of non-IPBS and IPBS were compared, there was only cow breeding in non-IPBS; maize silage planting was introduced in IPBS. The results showed that the net income for producing 1t of fat and protein corrected milk (FPCM) in non-IPBS was 1427Chinese yuan (CNY), while in IPBS, the net income could increase by 7% compared with non-IPBS. In IPBS, self-sufficiency rate of maize silage was only 32%, if it raised to 100%, the net income could be upgrade by 19% compared with non-IPBS. In addition, land transfer cost also influenced the net income in IPBS, when the cost increases to 14695RMB/hm², the net income for producing 1t FPCM in IPBS would be the same as that of non-IPBS. Compared with non-IPBS, IPBS has better environmental performance, specifically, GHG emissions, non-renewable energy use, water use and land use reduced by 6%, 6%, 5% and 7%, respectively. If the self-sufficiency rate of maize silage rises to 100% in IPBS, environmental indicators mentioned above will reduce by 16%, 16%, 11% and 14%, respectively. In milk production, IPBS has great potential in increasing net income from reducing feed costs, and contributing in reducing GHG emissions, non-renewable energy use, water use and land use.

Key words： life cycle assessment (LCA) integrated maize silage planting and dairy cow breeding system (IPBS) milk production environmental cost economic benefits

收稿日期: 2020-12-27

PACS:

X196

基金资助:国家社会科学基金资助重大项目（18ZDA048）

通讯作者: 尹昌斌,研究员,yinchangbin@caas.cn E-mail: yinchangbin@caas.cn

作者简介: 黄显雷(1989-),男,广西百色人,中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划所博士研究生,主要从事农业资源与环境经济研究.发表论文15篇.

引用本文:

黄显雷, 师博扬, 张英楠, 龙昭宇, 尹昌斌. 基于生命周期视角的种养一体化奶牛场环境经济效益评估[J]. 中国环境科学, 2021, 41(8): 3944-3955. HUANG Xian-lei, SHI Bo-yang, ZHANG Ying-nan, LONG Zhao-yu, YIN Chang-bin. Economic and environmental assessment of the integrated maize silage planting and dairy cow breeding system based on LCA. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2021, 41(8): 3944-3955.

链接本文:

http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2021/V41/I8/3944

[1]	Handford C E, Campbell K, Elliott C T. Impacts of milk fraud on food safety and nutrition with special emphasis on developing countries[J]. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 2016, 15(1):130-142.
[2]	Du Y Y, Ge Y, Ren Y, et al. A global strategy to mitigate the environmental impact of China's ruminant consumption boom[J]. Nature Communications, 2018,9(1):4133.
[3]	FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). FAO Statistical Databases. 2018.[EB/OL]. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home.[2021-02-24]
[4]	FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). Tackling climate change through livestock:A global assessment of emissions and mitigation opportunities[M]. Rome, 2013.
[5]	Herrero M, Henderson B, Havlik P, et al. Greenhouse gas mitigation potentials in the livestock sector[J]. Nature Climate Change, 2016, 6(5):452-461.
[6]	Basset-Mens C, Ledgard S, Boyes M. Eco-efficiency of intensification scenarios for milk production in New Zealand[J]. Ecological Economics, 2009,68(6):1615-1625.
[7]	Zheng Y H, Wei J G, Li J, et al. Anaerobic fermentation technology increases biomass energy use efficiency in crop residue utilization and biogas production[J]. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2012,16(7):4588-4596.
[8]	Michael Z H, Mark A J. Life cycle impact assessment[M]. Springer, 2016.
[9]	ISO (International Organization for Standardization). ISO 14040:2006/AMD 1:2020:Environmental management-Life cycle assessment-Principles and framework-Amendment 1. 2020.[EB/OL]. https://www.iso.org/standard/76121.html.[2021-02-24]
[10]	Rotz C A, Asem-Hiablie S, Place S, et al. Environmental footprints of beef cattle production in the United States[J]. Agricultural Systems, 2019,169:1-13.
[11]	Wang X Q, Ledgard S, Luo J, et al. Environmental impacts and resource use of milk production on the North China Plain, based on life cycle assessment[J]. Science of the total Environment, 2018, 625:486-495.
[12]	Baldini C, Gardoni D, Guarino M. A critical review of the recent evolution of Life Cycle Assessment applied to milk production[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017,140(SI2):421-435.
[13]	Wang X Q, Kristensen T, Mogensen L, et al. Greenhouse gas emissions and land use from confinement dairy farms in the Guanzhong plain of China-using a life cycle assessment approach[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2016,113:577-586.
[14]	王效琴,梁东丽,王旭东,等.运用生命周期评价方法评估奶牛养殖系统温室气体排放量[J]. 农业工程学报, 2012,28(13):179-184. Wang X Q, Liang D L, Wang X D, et al. Estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from dairy farming systems based on LCA[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2012,28(13):179-184.
[15]	刘欣超,王路路,吴汝群,等.基于LCA的呼伦贝尔生态草牧业技术集成示范效益评估[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020,53(13):2703-2714. Liu X C, Wang L L, Wu R Q, et al. LCA-based assessment of Hulunber ecological grassland technology integration demonstration[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020,53(13):2703-2714.
[16]	Matteo G, Marie T K, Luciana B, et al. Parameters affecting the environmental impact of a range of dairy farming systems in Denmark, Germany and Italy[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2013,54.
[17]	Li X, Mupondwa E. Commercial feasibility of an integrated closed-loop ethanol-feedlot-biodigester system based on triticale feedstock in Canadian Prairies[J]. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2018,97:401-413.
[18]	国家统计局农村社会经济调查司.2020中国农村统计年鉴[M]. 北京:中国统计出版社, 2020. NBSC (National Bureau of Statistics of China). China rural statistical yearbook[M]. Beijing:China Statistics Press, 2020.
[19]	Battini F, Agostini A, Boulamanti A K, et al. Mitigating the environmental impacts of milk production via anaerobic digestion of manure:Case study of a dairy farm in the Po Valley[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2014,481:196-208.
[20]	刘松.关中地区奶牛饲料作物环境影响生命周期评价[D]. 西北农林科技大学, 2017. Liu S. Life cycle assessment of dairy cattle feed crops in Guanzhon Plain[D]. Northwest A & F University, 2017.
[21]	陈舜,逯非,王效科.中国氮磷钾肥制造温室气体排放系数的估算[J]. 生态学报, 2015,35(19):6371-6383. Chen S, Lu F, Wang X K. Estimation of greenhouse gases emission factors for China's nitrogen, phosphate and potash fertilizers[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015,35(19):6371-6383.
[22]	中国电力企业联合会.中国电力行业年度发展报告2020.[EB/OL]. https://cec.org.cn/detail/index.html?3-284175.[2021-02-24]. CEC (China Electricity Council). Annual development report of China's electric power industry 2020.[EB/OL]. https://cec.org.cn/detail/index.html?3-284175.[2021-02-24].
[23]	翟君,冯立岩,王猛,等.气体燃料发动机发展对中国温室气体减排贡献的生命周期分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2015,35(1):62-71. Zhai J, Feng L Y, Wang M, et al. Life-cycle analysis of contribution of developing gas engines to GHG emissions reduction in China[J]. China Environmental Science, 2015,35(1):62-71.
[24]	Sara G G, Francesc B, Gumersindo F, et al. Environmental performance of sorghum, barley and oat silage production for livestock feed using life cycle assessment[J]. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 2016,111.
[25]	段雪琴.集约化奶牛养殖场粪污管理系统的环境影响生命周期评价[D]. 西北农林科技大学, 2018. Duan X Q. Life cycle assessment of manure management systems in intensive dairy farms[D]. Northwest A&F University, 2018.
[26]	杨前平,李晓锋,熊琪,等.奶牛场粪污产生量及性能参数测定[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2019,58(24):106-108. Yang Q P, Li X F, Xiong Q, et al. Determination of feces production and performance parameters in dairy farm[J]. Hubei Agricultural Science, 2019,58(24):106-108.
[27]	IPCC (The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories[EB/OL]. https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/vol4.html.[2020-10-20].
[28]	张颖,夏训峰,李中和,等.规模化养牛场粪便处理生命周期评价[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2010,29(7):1423-1427. Zhang Y, Xia X F, Li Z H, et al. Life cycle assessment of manure treatment in scaled cattle farms[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2010,29(7):1423-1427.
[29]	Ecoinvent Centre. Ecoinvent Data v3.7. Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories.[EB/OL]. https://www.ecoinvent.org.[2020-10-20].
[30]	王雁凤,黄有方.考虑碳排放的港口群混合轴辐式运输网络优化[J]. 北京理工大学学报(社会科学版), 2014,16(5):42-50. Wang Y F, Huang Y F. Optimization of hybrid hub-and-spoke based port cluster transportation network considering carbon emission[J]. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology (Social Sciences Edition), 2014,16(5):42-50.
[31]	IPCC (The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), 2013. Climate change 2013:The physical science basis[EB/OL].[2020-10-25] https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/.
[32]	国家发展和改革委员会价格司.全国农产品成本收益资料汇编2019[M]. 北京:中国统计出版社, 2019. NDRC (National Development and Reform Commission of China). National agricultural product cost-benefit data compilation 2019[M]. China Statistics Press, Beijing, China, 2019.
[33]	王西琴,张馨月,陈浩.华北地下水超采区粮食作物灌溉用水量及其节水潜力——基于河北省620户问卷调研数据[J]. 西北大学学报(自然科学版), 2020,50(2):227-233. Wang X Q, Zhang X Y, Chen H. Irrigation water consumption and water-saving potential of food crops in groundwater over-exploitation areas in North China:Based on survey data of 620households in Hebei Province[J]. Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition), 2020,50(2):227-233.
[34]	张喜英.华北典型区域农田耗水与节水灌溉研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2018,26(10):1454-1464. Zhang X Y. Water use and water-saving irrigation in typical farmlands in the North China Plain[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2018,26(10):1454-1464.
[35]	朱永昶,李玉娥,姜德锋,等.基于生命周期评估的冬小麦-夏玉米种植系统碳足迹核算——以山东省高密地区为例[J]. 农业资源与环境学报, 2017,34(5):473-482. Zhu Y C, Li Y E, Jiang D F, et al. Life cycle assessment on carbon footprint of winter wheat-summer maize cropping system based on survey data of Gaomi in Shandong Province, China[J]. Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment, 2017,34(5):473-482.
[36]	梁龙,陈源泉,高旺盛,等.华北平原冬小麦-夏玉米种植系统生命周期环境影响评价[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2009,28(8):1773-1776. Liang L, Chen Y Q, Gao W S, et al. Life cycle environmental impact assessment in winter wheat-summer maize system in North China Plain[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2009,28(8):1773-1776.
[37]	田昌玉,林治安,唐继伟,等.基于最佳经济效益的冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系有机肥氮替代率的长期演变[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019,25(10):1623-1632. Tian C Y, Lin Z A, Tang J W, et al. Evolution of optimum substitution rate of chemical nitrogen by organic nitrogen for the optimum economic benefit in long-term winter wheat-summer maize system[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019,25(10):1623-1632.
[38]	吕凤莲,侯苗苗,张弘弢,等.塿土冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系有机肥替代化肥比例研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018,24(1):22-32. Lu F L, Hou M M, Zhang HT, et al. Replacement ratio of chemical fertilizer nitrogen with manure under the winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in Lou soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018,24(1):22-32.
[39]	Eric W, Céline V. Greenhouse gas emissions from inorganic and organic fertilizer production and use:A review of emission factors and their variability[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2020,276.
[40]	籍春蕾,丁美,王彬鑫,等.基于生命周期分析方法的化肥与有机肥对比评价[J]. 土壤通报, 2012,43(2):412-417. Ji C L, Ding M, Wang B X, et al. Comparative evaluation of chemical and organic fertilizer on the base of life cycle analysis methods. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2012,43(2):412-417.
[41]	彭武元,陈思宇.中国碳排放试点市场碳交易价格分析及预测[J]. 技术经济, 2020,39(3):102-110. Peng W Y, Chen S Y. Analysis and forecast of carbon trading price in China's carbon emission pilot market[J]. Technology economics, 2020,39(3):102-110.
[42]	刘长全,韩磊,张元红.中国奶业竞争力国际比较及发展思路[J]. 中国农村经济, 2018,(7):130-144. Liu Z Q, Han L, Zhang Y H. International comparison and development suggestions of China's dairy industry competitiveness[J]. Chinese rural economy, 2018,(7):130-144.
[43]	孟祥海,程国强,张俊飚,等.中国畜牧业全生命周期温室气体排放时空特征分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2014,34(8):2167-2176. Meng X H, Cheng G Q, Zhang J B, et al. Analyze on the spatialtemporal characteristics of GHG estimation of livestock's by life cycle assessment in China[J]. China Environmental Science, 2014,34(8):2167-2176.
[44]	中华人民共和国农业农村部等九部委.关于进一步促进奶业振兴的若干意见.[EB/OL]. http://www.moa.gov.cn/govpublic/XMYS/201812/t20181226_6165597.htm.[2020-10-20]. MOA (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China). Opinions on further promoting the development of dairy industry[EB/OL]. http://www.moa.gov.cn/govpublic/XMYS/201812/t20181226_6165597.htm.[2020-10-20].
[45]	Zhou N, Price L, Dai Y D, et al. A roadmap for China to peak carbon dioxide emissions and achieve a 20% share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy by 2030[J]. Applied Energy, 2019,239:793-819.
[46]	PRI (Principles for responsible investment). Delivering carbon neutrality in China[EB/OL]. https://www.unpri.org/pri-blogs/delivering-carbon-neutrality-in-China/7000.article[2021-02-26].
[47]	Ledgard S F, Wei S, Wang X Q, et al. Nitrogen and carbon footprints of dairy farm systems in China and New Zealand, as influenced by productivity, feed sources and mitigations[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2019,213:155-163.
[48]	Sultana M N, Uddin M M, Ridoutt B G, et al. Comparison of water use in global milk production for different typical farms[J]. Agricultural Systems, 2014,129:9-21.
[49]	马林,柏兆海,王选,等.中国农牧系统养分管理研究的意义与重点[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018,51(3):406-416. Ma L, Bo Z H, Wang X, et al. Significance and research priority of nutrient management in soil-crop-animal production system in China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018,51(3):406-416.
[50]	Jin S Q, Zhang B, Wu B, et al. Decoupling livestock and crop production at the household level in China[J]. Nature Sustainability, 2020.
[51]	田沛佩,卢宏玮,李丹,等.2008~2017年中国地级市化肥施用碳足迹的时空演变格局[J]. 中国环境科学, 2021,41(2):967-973. Tian P P, Lu H W, Li D, et al. Spatial-temporal patterns of carbon footprint of fertilizer application in China during 2008 to 2017[J]. China Environmental Science, 2021,41(2):967-973.
[52]	王军,李萍,詹韵秋,等.中国耕地质量保护与提升问题研究[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2019,29(4):87-93. Wang J, Li P, Zhan Y Q, et al. Study on the protection and improvement of cultivated land quality in China[J]. China population, resources and environment, 2019,29(4):87-93.
[53]	Gu B J, Zhang X L, Bai X M, et al. Four steps to food security for swelling cities[J]. Nature, 2019,566(7742):31-33.