Abstract:Evaporative emission tests were performed to obtain the actual emission factors within hot-soak and diurnal-loss stages of light-duty gasoline vehicles. Based on the MOVES model, the total evaporative emissions from light-duty gasoline vehicles in Beijing was estimated with vehicle preservation and activity data as input. Evaporative emission factors of China-Ⅴ and China-Ⅵ vehicles were 1.03 g/test and 0.37 g/test, respectively. The evaporative emissions from light-duty gasoline vehicles showed no evident deterioration trend with the increase of mileage. The total evaporative emissions of light-duty gasoline vehicles in Beijing were 8299.7 t, about 68.3% of the annual tailpipe THC emissions attributed to light-duty gasoline vehicles. A reduction of 13.7% in the total evaporative emissions from light-duty gasoline vehicles in Beijing is projected with China-Ⅵ vehicles replacing the in-service models certified to China-Ⅲ.
林理量,程勇,曹礼明等.深圳臭氧污染日的VOCs组成与来源特征[J].中国环境科学, 2021,41(8):3484-3492 Lin L L, Cheng Y, Cao L M, et al. The characterization and source apportionment of VOCs in Shenzhen during ozone polluted period[J].China Environmental Science, 2021,41(8):3483-3492.
[2]
Zhang C, Liu X G, Zhang Y Y. et al. Characteristics, source apportionment and chemical conversions of VOCs based on a comprehensive summer observation experiment in Beijing[J].Atmospheric Pollution Research, 2020,12(3):230-241.
[3]
罗达通,高健,王淑兰.上海秋季大气挥发性有机物特征及污染物来源分析[J].中国环境科学, 2015,35(4):987-994.Luo D T, Gao J, Wang S L. Characteristics of atmospheric volatile organic compounds and sources of pollutants in Shanghai in autumn[J]. China Environmental Science, 2015,35(4):987-994.
[4]
冯伟航,李楠.2008-2018年中国机动车排放变化趋势[C]//第二十四届大气污染防治技术研讨会论文集, 2020:245.Feng W H, Li N. Change trend of motor vehicle emission in China from 2008 to 2018[C]//The 24th Symposium on air pollution prevention and control technology, 2020:245.
[5]
高俊华.减少整车蒸发排放的技术策略研究[D].长春:吉林大学, 2007.Gao J H. Research on technical strategy of reducing vehicle evaporative emission[D]. Changchun:Jilin University, 2007.
[6]
岳婷婷,王鸣宇,黄志辉,等.轻型汽油车蒸发排放特征及温度对蒸发排放的影响[J].环境科学研究, 2020,33(1):73-81.Yue T T, Wang M Y, Huang Z H, et al. Evaporative emission characteristics of light gasoline vehicles and the effect of temperature on evaporative emission[J]. Environmental Science Research, 2020,33(1):73-81.
[7]
强彦雯,单春艳.机动车PM2.5排放模型及其在中国的应用[J].南开大学学报(自然科学版), 2013,46(6):41-47.Qiang Y W, Shan C Y, PM2.5 emission model of motor vehicles and its application in China[J]. Journal of Nankai University (Natural science edition), 2013,46(6):41-47.
[8]
张少君.中国典型城市机动车排放特征与控制策略研究[D].北京:清华大学, 2014.Zhang S J. Research on vehicle emission characteristics and control strategies in typical cities in China[D]. Beijing:Tsinghua University, 2014.
[9]
谢绍东,宋翔宇,申新华.应用COPERTⅢ模型计算中国机动车排放因子[J].环境科学, 2006,27(3):415-419.Xie S D, Song X Y, Shen X H. Calculation of vehicle emission factors in China using copertⅢmodel[J]. Environmental Science, 2006,27(3):415-419.
王燕军,王鸣宇,吉喆.国外机动车排放模型综述研究[J].环境与可持续发展, 2020,05:159-164.Wang Y J, Wang M Y, Ji Z. Overview of foreign vehicle emission models[J]. Environment and Sustainable Development, 2020,05:159-164.
[12]
樊守彬,田灵娣,张东旭.基于COPERT模式的北京市汽油车蒸发VOCs排放清单[J].环境工程学报, 2016,10(6):3091-3096.Fan S B, Tian L D, Zhang D X. Evaporative VOCs emission inventory of gasoline vehicles in Beijing based on copert model[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2016,10(6):3091-3096.
[13]
GB 18352.3-2005轻型汽车污染物排放限值及测量方法(中国Ⅲ、Ⅳ阶段)[S].GB 18352.3-2005 Emission limits and measurement methods of light vehicle pollutants (China stages III and IV)[S].
[14]
GB 18352.5-2013轻型汽车污染物排放限值及测量方法(中国第五阶段)[S].GB 18352. 5-2013 Emission limits and measurement methods of light vehicle pollutants (China's fifth stage)[S].
[15]
GB 18352.6-2016轻型汽车污染物排放限值及测量方法(中国第六阶段)[S].GB 18352.6-2016 Emission limits and measurement methods of light vehicle pollutants (China's sixth stage)[S].
[16]
环境保护部.道路机动车大气污染物排放清单编制技术指南(试行)[R].北京, 2014.Ministry of environmental protection. Technical guide for the preparation of air pollutant emission inventory of road motor vehicles (for Trial Implementation)[R]. Beijing, 2014.
[17]
Assessment and Standards Division Office of Transportation and Air QualityU.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Evaporative emissions from on-road vehicles in MOVES 2014[EB/ZL]. 2014.
[18]
北京交通发展研究院. 2019年北京市交通发展年度报告[R].北京:北京交通发展研究院, 2019.Beijing Transportation Development Research Institute. 2019 Beijing transportation development annual report[R]. Beijing:Beijing Transportation Development Research Institute, 2019.
[19]
何彦彬,李长江,刘卫.基于国Ⅵ法规的燃油系统蒸发控制[J].汽车工程师, 2017,(2):56-58.He Y B, Li C J, Liu W. Evaporative control of fuel system based on national VI Regulations[J]. Automotive Engineer, 2017,(2):56-58.
[20]
付铁强,陆红雨,高俊华,等.轻型汽油车国Ⅲ与国Ⅱ法规蒸发污染相关性分析[J].汽车工程, 2007,29(4):74-77.Fu T Q, Lu H Y, Gao J H, et al. Correlation analysis of evaporation pollution between national III and national II regulations for light gasoline vehicles[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2007,29(4):74-77.
[21]
Liu H, Man H, Tschantz M, et al. VOCs from Vehicular Evaporation Emissions:Status and Control Strategy[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2015,49(24):14424-14431.
[22]
Hata, Hiroo, Yamada, et al. Estimation model for evaporative emissions from gasoline vehicles based on thermodynamics[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2018,618:1685-1691.
[23]
Hata H, Yamada H, Yanai K, et al. Modeling evaporative emissions from parked gasoline cars based on vehicle carbon canister experiments[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019,675:679-685.
[24]
State of California Air Resources Board. California evaporative emission standards and test procedures for 2001 and subsequent model motor vehicles[Z].