Research on low-carbon operation mode in AAO-based wastewater treatment plants with low C/N influent
ZHOU Zheng1, LI Huai-bo1, WANG Yan1,2, WANG Shuo1,3,4, LI Ji1,3,4
1. School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; 2. Wuxi Puhui Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Wuxi 214028, China; 3. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Wuxi 214122, China; 4. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Materials, Suzhou 215009, China
Abstract：In order to clarify the carbon emission characteristics of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with low C/N influent and to propose feasible low-carbon operation strategies, seven AAO-based WWTPs (divided into AAO-based WWTPs and AAO-MBR-based WWTPs) were operated for one year, and the carbon emissions based on the emission factor method were calculated and evaluated. In addition, according to the whole process analysis method, the carbon emission reduction pathways of WWTPs with significant low-carbon operation characteristics were subsequently analyzed. The results show that electricity consumption and nitrous oxide emissions are the main sources of carbon emissions, contributing 49.43% and 25.75% of carbon emissions on average, respectively. AAO-MBR-based WWTP is dominated by indirect carbon emissions, and electricity consumption accounts for about 60% of carbon emissions, while the direct carbon emissions caused by the microbial activity in AAO-based WWTP dominate. The average specific carbon emission of AAO-based WWTP was significantly lower than that of the AAO-MBR-based WWTP group (0.47 and 0.79kg CO2eq/m3), which presents remarkable low-carbon operation potential. Among the seven WWTPs, all the specific carbon emission evaluation indicators of WWTP7are the lowest, indicating that WWTP7has the highest potential for low-carbon operation. Furthermore, the study found that making full use of the influent carbon source, multi-path synergistic nitrogen and phosphorus removal, and precise control of dissolved oxygen to avoid over-aeration are the key points to greatly reduce energy consumption and achieve carbon emission reduction.
周政, 李怀波, 王燕, 王硕, 李激. 低碳氮比进水AAO污水处理厂低碳运行[J]. 中国环境科学, 2022, 42(11): 5088-5099.
ZHOU Zheng, LI Huai-bo, WANG Yan, WANG Shuo, LI Ji. Research on low-carbon operation mode in AAO-based wastewater treatment plants with low C/N influent. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2022, 42(11): 5088-5099.
United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Atmospheric Programs. Global mitigation of non-CO2 greenhouse gases:2010~2030[R]. Washington:USEPA, 2013.
[2]
Tumendelger A, Alshboul Z, Lorke A. Methane and nitrous oxide emission from different treatment units of municipal wastewater treatment plants in Southwest Germany[J]. Plos One, 2019,14(1):e0209763.
[3]
Zhang J, Shao Y, Wang H, et al. Current operation state of wastewater treatment plants in urban China[J]. Environmental Research, 2021, 195:110843.
[4]
Lu L, Guest J S, Peters C A, et al. Wastewater treatment for carbon capture and utilization[J]. Nature Sustainability, 2018,1(12):750-758.
[5]
Downing J A, Polasky S, Olmstead S M, et al. Protecting local water quality has global benefits[J]. Nature Communications, 2021,12(1):2709.
[6]
Tortajada C, van Rensburg P. Drink more recycled wastewater[J]. Nature, 2020,577(7788):26-28.
[7]
Zhang Q, Smith K, Zhao X, et al. Greenhouse gas emissions associated with urban water infrastructure:What we have learnt from China's practice[J]. WIREs Water, 2021,8(4):e1529.
[8]
Zaborowska E, Czerwionka K, Mąkinia J. Integrated plant-wide modelling for evaluation of the energy balance and greenhouse gas footprint in large wastewater treatment plants[J]. Applied Energy, 2021,282:116126.
[9]
Zhang Q H, Yang W N, Ngo H H, et al. Current status of urban wastewater treatment plants in China[J]. Environment International, 2016,92-93:11-22.
[10]
郭泓利,李鑫玮,任钦毅,等.全国典型城市污水处理厂进水水质特征分析[J]. 给水排水, 2018,54(6):12-15. Guo H L, Li X W, Ren Q Y, et al. Analysis on characteristics of influent water quality of typical municipal sewage treatment plants in China[J]. Water & Wastewater Engineering, 2018,54(6):12-15.
[11]
徐旻旸,胡湛波,秦雅琪,等.智能化曝气控制A/O工艺处理低C/N生活污水有效性及其脱氮机制[J]. 环境工程学报, 2017,11(10):5359-5367. Xu M Y, Hu Z B, Qin Y Q, et al. Treatment efficiency and nitrogen removal mechanism in low C/N ratio domestic wastewater treatment by intelligent aeration controlled A/O process[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2017,11(10):5359-5367.
[12]
邹吕熙,李怀波,王燕,等.太湖流域城镇污水处理厂能耗评价与分析[J]. 环境工程学报, 2019,13(12):2890-2897. Zou L X, Li H B, Wang Y, et al. Energy consumption evaluation and analysis of wastewater treatment plants in Taihu basin, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2019,13(12):2890-2897.
[13]
GB 18918-2002城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准[S]. GB 18918-2002 Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal waste-water treatment plant[S].
[14]
Deborah B, Michael D S, Yoshitaka E, et al. 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. Volume 5:Waste. Chapter 6:Wastewater treatment and discharge[R]. IPCC, 2019. https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/5_Volume5/19R_V5_6_Ch06_Wastewater.pdf.
[15]
中国环境科学研究院编制组.城镇污水处理厂污染物去除协同控制温室气体核算技术指南(试行)[R]. 北京:生态环境部, 2018. Writing Group of Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science. Technical guideline of accounting method for pollutants and greenhouse gases cooperative control in municipal wastewater treatment plant (trial)[R]. Beijing:Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, 2018.
[16]
T/CAEPI 49-2022污水处理厂低碳运行评价技术规范[S]. T/CAEPI 49-2022 Technical specification for low-carbon operation evaluation of sewage treatment plant[S].
[17]
郭恰.IPCC污泥碳排放核算模型中DOC取值的不足与修正[J]. 中国给水排水, 2020,36(16):49-53. Guo Q. Lack and Correction of DOC value in IPCC calculation model of sludge carbon emission[J]. China Water & Wastewater, 2020,36(16):49-53.
[18]
张岳,葛铜岗,孙永利,等.基于城镇污水处理全流程环节的碳排放模型研究[J]. 中国给水排水, 2021,37(9):65-74. Zhang Y, Ge T G, Sun Y L, et al. Research on carbon emission model based on the whole process of urban sewage treatment[J]. China Water & Wastewater, 2021,37(9):65-74.
[19]
Wang J, Zhang J, Xie H, et al. Methane emissions from a full-scale A/A/O wastewater treatment plant[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2011, 102(9):5479-5485.
[20]
Wang Y, Lin X, Zhou D, et al. Nitric oxide and nitrous oxide emissions from a full-scale activated sludge anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2016,289:330-340.
[21]
Fan Y, Bai Y, Jiao W. Estimation of GHG Emissions from Water Reclamation Plants in Beijing[J]. Water Environment Research, 2016, 88(9):795-802.
[22]
Kyung D, Kim M, Chang J, et al. Estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from a hybrid wastewater treatment plant[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2015,95:117-123.
[23]
宋宝木,秦华鹏,马共强.污水处理厂运行阶段碳排放动态变化分析:以深圳某污水处理厂为例[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2015,38(10):204-209. Song B M, Qin H P, Ma G Q. Analysis for dynamic changes of wastewater treatment Plant carbon emissions in operation phase:with a wastewater treatment plant in Shenzhen as an example[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2015,38(10):204-209.
[24]
Zhang Q H, Wang X C, Xiong J Q, et al. Application of life cycle assessment for an evaluation of wastewater treatment and reuse project-Case study of Xi'an, China[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2010, 101(5):1421-1425.
[25]
国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法(第四版)[M]. 北京:中国环境科学出版社, 2002:200-285. State Environmental Protection Administration. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (4th Edition)[M]. Beijing:China Environmental Science Press, 2002:200-285.
[26]
呼永锋,梁梅,张永祥,等.A2/O+MBR工艺运行效果与碳排放特征研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2021,41(9):4439-4446. Hu Y F, Liang M, Zhang Y X, et al. Study on operation efficiency and carbon emission characteristics of A2/O + MBR process[J]. China Environmental Science, 2021,41(9):4439-4446.
[27]
Bao Z, Sun S, Sun D. Assessment of greenhouse gas emission from A/O and SBR wastewater treatment plants in Beijing, China[J]. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2016,108:108-114.
[28]
Huang F, Shen W, Zhang X, et al. Impacts of dissolved oxygen control on different greenhouse gas emission sources in wastewater treatment process[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020,274:123233.
[29]
Hua H, Jiang S, Yuan Z, et al. Advancing greenhouse gas emission factors for municipal wastewater treatment plants in China[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2022,295:118648.
[30]
Peng L, Ni B-J, Ye L, et al. The combined effect of dissolved oxygen and nitrite on N2O production by ammonia oxidizing bacteria in an enriched nitrifying sludge[J]. Water Research, 2015,73:29-36.
[31]
梁潇,姚新运,李亮,等.城镇污水AAOA高标准除磷脱氮技术开发与应用[J]. 环境工程学报, 2022,16(2):612-620. Liang X, Yao X Y, Li L, et al. Development and application of AAOA high-standard phosphorus and nitrogen removal technology for urban sewage[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2022, 16(2):612-620.
[32]
李家驹,孙永利,秦松岩,等.内回流混合液DO对缺氧池反硝化影响预测模型研究[J]. 中国给水排水, 2016,32(21):119-121. Li J J, Sun Y L, Qin S Y, et al. Forecast model for impact of dissolved oxygen in internal reflux mixture on denitrification in anoxic tank[J]. China Water & Wastewater, 2016,32(21):119-121.
[33]
Desloover J, Vlaeminck S E, Clauwaert P, et al. Strategies to mitigate N2O emissions from biological nitrogen removal systems[J]. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 2012,23(3):474-482.
[34]
Kornaros M, Dokianakis S N, Lyberatos G. Partial nitrification/denitrification can be attributed to the slow response of nitrite oxidizing bacteria to periodic anoxic disturbances[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2010,44(19):7245-7253.
[35]
Feng Y, Peng Y Z, Wang B, et al. A continuous plug-flow anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic/aerobic(AOAO) process treating low COD/TIN domestic sewage:Realization of partial nitrification and extremely advanced nitrogen removal[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021,771:145387.
[36]
Rong Y, Liu X, Wen L, et al. Advanced nutrient removal in a continuous A2/O process based on partial nitrification-anammox and denitrifying phosphorus removal[J]. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 2020,36:101245.
[37]
Fan Z, Zeng W, Wang B, et al. Microbial community at transcription level in the synergy of GAOs and Candidatus Accumulibacter for saving carbon source in wastewater treatment[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2020,297:122454.
[38]
陈明飞,彭志英,蒋秋明,等.活性污泥包埋颗粒的制备及其氨氮处理性能[J]. 环境工程学报, 2020,14(11):2959-2968,2906. Chen M F, Peng Z Y, Jiang Q M, et al. Preparation of activated sludge embedded particles and the treatment performance of ammonia nitrogen[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2020, 14(11):2959-2968,2906.
[39]
李怀波,郑凯凯,王燕,等.基于全流程分析的低碳氮比进水污水处理厂运行调控[J]. 环境工程, 2021,39(3):97-102,135. Li H B, Zheng K K, Wang Y, et al. Operation regulation of wastewater treatment plant with low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio influent based on whole process analysis method[J]. Environmental Engineering, 2021, 39(3):97-102,135.
[40]
王晓莲,王淑莹,王亚宜,等.强化A2/O工艺反硝化除磷性能的运行控制策略[J]. 环境科学学报, 2006,26(5):722-727. Wang X L, Wang S Y, Wang Y Y, et al. Control strageties of enhancing denitrifying phosphorus removal performance of the conventional Anaerobic Anoxic Oxic process[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2006,26(5):722-727.
[41]
范亚骏,张淼,季俊杰,等.A2/O-BCO系统中碳源类型对反硝化除磷及菌群结构的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2022,42(1):172-182. Fan Y J, Zhang M, Ji J J, et al. Effect of carbon source types on denitrifying phosphorus removal and microbial community in the A2/O-BCO process.[J]. China Environmental Science, 2022,42(1):172-182.
[42]
王聪,王淑莹,张淼,等.硝化液回流比对A2/O-BCO工艺反硝化除磷特性的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2014,34(11):2844-2850. Wang C, Wang S Y, Zhang M, et al. Effect of nitrate recycling ratio on denitrifying phosphorus removal characteristics in A2O-BCO process[J]. China Environmental Science, 2014,34(11):2844-2850.
[43]
Zhang W, Peng Y, Ren N, et al. Improvement of nutrient removal by optimizing the volume ratio of anoxic to aerobic zone in AAO-BAF system[J]. Chemosphere, 2013,93(11):2859-2863.
[44]
Zhou Q, Sun H, Jia L, et al. Simultaneous biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from secondary effluent of wastewater treatment plants by advanced treatment:A review[J]. Chemosphere, 2022,296:134054.
[45]
金昌权,汪诚文,曾思育,等.污水处理厂能耗特征分析方法与节能途径研究[J]. 给水排水, 2009,45(S1):270-274. Jin C Q, Wang C W, Zeng Y M, et al. Research on energy consumption characteristic analysis method and energy saving pathway in wastewater treatment pland[J]. Water & Wastewater Engineering, 2009,45(S1):270-274.
[46]
杨敏,李亚明,魏源送,等.大型再生水厂不同污水处理工艺的能耗比较与节能途径[J]. 环境科学, 2015,36(6):2203-2209. Yang M, Li Y M, Wei Y S, et al. Energy consumption comparison and energy saving approaches for different wastewater treatment processes in a large-scale reclaimed water plant[J]. Environment Science, 2015,36(6):2203-2209.
[47]
Zhen J, Zhao Y, Yu X, et al. Feasibility of partial nitrification combined with nitrite-denitrification phosphorus removal and simultaneous nitrification-endogenous denitrification for synchronous chemical oxygen demand, nitrogen, and phosphorus removal[J]. ACS ES&T Water, 2022,2(6):1119-1131.
[48]
宋新新,林甲,刘杰,等.面向未来的污水处理厂关键技术研发与工程实践专栏序言[J]. 环境科学学报, 2022,42(4):1-6. Song X X, Lin J, Liu J, et al. The R & D and practice of key technologies for sewage treatment plants facing the future[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2022,42(4):1-6.
[49]
王洪臣.我国城镇污水处理行业碳减排路径及潜力[J]. 给水排水, 2017,53(3):1-3,73. Wang H C. Carbon emission reduction pathway and potential of urban sewage treatment industry in China[J]. Water & Wastewater Engineering, 2017,53(3):1-3,73.
