Abstract：Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized using citric acid and urea as raw material, and the CQDs were dispersed on the surface of polymer carbon nitride (PCN) nanosheets (CQDs/PCN) by thermal polymerization. The CQDs were successfully loaded by SEM, TEM and XRD analysis. The photocatalytic performance of CQDs/PCN photoactivated persulfate (PDS) on bisphenol A(BPA) was investigated under the condition of simulating sunlight. The results shown that the degradation rate of BPA reached 99.99% within 10min and the removal rate of BPA remained more than 85% for 4repetitions, further indicating that the material has excellent repeatability and stability. The possible reaction mechanism for the photocatalytic removal of BPA by CQDs/PCN-PDS was speculated by free radical quenching experiments, which might be the catalytic degradation process of BPA through the participation of the superoxide radicals (•O2-), singlet oxygen (1O2) and holes (h+). In addition, a possible degradation pathway of BPA was proposed by analyzing the photocatalytic oxidation intermediates. This work provides the possibility for the rapid and efficient degradation of BPA, and also offers a new idea for the degradation of BPA.
Tarafdar A, Sirohi R, Balakumaran P A, et al. The hazardous threat of bisphenol A:toxicity, detection and remediation[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2022,423:127097.
[2]
吴瞳,顾佳玉,彭晨,等.石墨相氮化碳同质结光催化处理水中双酚A[J]. 中国环境科学, 2021,41(7):3255-3265. Wu T, Gu J Y, Peng C, et al. Study on photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A in water by graphite phase carbon nitride homojunction[J]. China Environmental Science, 2021,41(7):3255-3265.
[3]
Song X, Wang M, Liu W, et al. Thickness regulation of graphitic carbon nitride and its influence on the photocatalytic performance towards CO2 reduction[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2022,577:151810.
[4]
Hong J, Xia X, Wang Y, et al. Mesoporous carbon nitride with in situ sulfur doping for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water under visible light[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2012,22(30):15006-15012.
[5]
Wang X, Maeda K, Chen X, et al. Polymer semiconductors for artificial photosynthesis:hydrogen evolution by mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride with visible light[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2009,131(5):1680-1681.
[6]
刘帅,李学雷,王烁天,等.碳量子点修饰石墨相氮化碳光催化降解罗丹明B的研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020,40(7):2909-2916. Liu S, Li X L, Wang S T, et al. Photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B by carbon quantum dot modified graphite phase carbon nitride[J]. China Environmental Science, 2020,40(7):2909-2916.
[7]
Wang X, Cheng J, Yu H, et al. A facile hydrothermal synthesis of carbon dots modified g-C3N4 for enhanced photocatalytic H2- evolution performance[J]. Dalton Transactions, 2017,46(19):6417- 6424.
[8]
张婷婷,许贺,蔡冬清,等.香榧壳生物炭/g-C3N4活化过硫酸盐的光催化性能[J]. 中国环境科学, 2022,42(3):1146-1156. Zhang T T, Xu H, Cai D Q, et al. Study on photocatalytic performance of cephalotaxus shell biochar/g-C3N4 activated persulfate[J]. China Environmental Science, 2022,42(3):1146-1156.
[9]
余烨颖,赵依恒,俞琳倩,等.可见光活化过一硫酸盐降解有机污染物的研究进展[J]. 杭州师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2021,20(3):329- 336. Yu Y Y, Zhao Y H, Yu L Q, et al. On the organic pollutants degradation via visible light activated peroxymonosulfate[J]. Journal of Hangzhou Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2021,20(3):329-336.
[10]
袁猛.聚合物氮化碳材料用于可见光下高效的工业废水处理[D]. 扬州:扬州大学, 2020. Yuan M. Polymer carbon nitride for efficient industrial effluent treatment under visible light[D]. Yang Zhou:Yang Zhou University, 2020.
[11]
Long B, Lin J, Wang X. Thermally-induced desulfurization and conversion of guanidine thiocyanate into graphitic carbon nitride catalysts for hydrogen photosynthesis[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2014,2(9):2942-2951.
[12]
Sudhaik A, Raizada P, Shandilya P, et al. Magnetically recoverable graphitic carbon nitride and NiFe2O4 based magnetic photocatalyst for degradation of oxytetracycline antibiotic in simulated wastewater under solar light[J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2018,6(4):3874-3883.
[13]
Monga D, Ilager D, Shetti N P, et al. 2D/2d heterojunction of MoS2/g-C3N4 nanoflowers for enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic and electrochemical degradation of organic pollutants[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2020,274:111208.
[14]
Huang J, Cheng W, Shi Y, et al. Honeycomb-like carbon nitride through supramolecular preorganization of monomers for high photocatalytic performance under visible light irradiation[J]. Chemosphere, 2018,211:324-334.
[15]
Yu J, Wang S, Low J, et al. Enhanced photocatalytic performance of direct Z-scheme g-C3N4-TiO2 photocatalysts for the decomposition of formaldehyde in air[J]. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2013,15(39):16883-16890.
[16]
Yu J, Wang K, Xiao W, et al. Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into hydrocarbon solar fuels over g-C3N4-Pt nanocomposite photocatalysts[J]. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2014,16(23):11492-11501.
[17]
Fang S, Xia Y, Lv K, et al. Effect of carbon-dots modification on the structure and photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4[J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental, 2016,185:225-232.
[18]
Ong W J, Tan L L, Ng Y H, et al. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)- based photocatalysts for artificial photosynthesis and environmental remediation:are we a step closer to achieving sustainability?[J]. Chemical Reviews, 2016,116(12):7159-7329.
[19]
Yang P, Ou H, Fang Y, et al. A facile steam reforming strategy to delaminate layered carbon nitride semiconductors for photoredox catalysis[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2017,56(14):3992-3996.
[20]
Xu S, Zhao Y, Sun X, et al. Introduction of porous structure via facile carbon-dot modulation:a feasible and promising approach for improving the photocatalytic capability of sulfur doped g-C3N4[J]. Catalysis Today, 2019,335:502-510.
[21]
Xiao J, Xie Y, Nawaz F, et al. Dramatic coupling of visible light with ozone on honeycomb-like porous g-C3N4 towards superior oxidation of water pollutants[J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental, 2016,183:417-425.
[22]
Jian X, Liu X, Yang H M, et al. Construction of carbon quantum dots/proton-functionalized graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposite via electrostatic self-assembly strategy and its application[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2016,370:514-521.
[23]
Zhang G, Zang S, Lin L, et al. Ultrafine cobalt catalysts on covalent carbon nitride frameworks for oxygenic photosynthesis[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2016,8(3):2287-2296.
[24]
Jin X, Wu Y, Wang Y, et al. Carbon quantum dots-modified reduced ultrathin g-C3N4 with strong photoredox capacity for broad spectrum- driven PPCPs remediation in natural water matrices[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2021,420:129935.
[25]
Kasprzyk W, Świergosz T, Bednarz S, et al. Luminescence phenomena of carbon dots derived from citric acid and urea a molecular insight[J]. Nanoscale, 2018,10(29):13889-13894.
[26]
Sarkar S, Chowdhury J, Dutta S, et al. A pH dependent raman and surface enhanced raman spectroscopic studies of citrazinic acid aided by theoretical calculations[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part A:Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2016,169:108-115.
[27]
Reckmeier C J, Schneider J, Xiong Y, et al. Aggregated molecular fluorophores in the ammonothermal synthesis of carbon dots[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2017,29(24):10352-10361.
[28]
周进,丁玲,张婷,等.g-C3N4/CQDs光催化材料的制备及性能[J]. 精细化工, 2020,37(4):702-709. Zhou J, Ding L, Zhang T, et al. Preparation and properties of g-C3N4/CQDs photocatalytic materials[J]. Fine Chemicals, 2020,37(4):702- 709.
[29]
Mohamed M A, Zain M, Minggu L J, et al. Enhancement of visible light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution by bio-mimetic C-doped graphitic carbon nitride[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2019,44(26):13098-13105.
[30]
景伟文,李君,康志强,等.Ag掺杂改性TiO2催化降解水体中的邻苯二甲酸二甲酯[J]. 贵金属, 2012,33(3):27-32. Jing W W, Li J, Kang Z Q, et al. Study on photocatalytic degradation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) in aqueous solution by Ag doping TiO2[J]. Precious Metals, 2012,33(3):27-32.
[31]
张伟,王珏,汪爱河. MWNTs/TiO2光催化降解氧乐果农药影响因素及动力学研究[J]. 水生态学杂志, 2017,38(6):27-33. Zhang W, Wang J, Wang A H, et al. Kinetics and factors influencing photocatalytic degradation of omethoate by MWNTs/TiO2[J]. Journal of Hydroecology, 2017,38(6):27-33.
[32]
Qin J, Dai L, Shi P, et al. Rational design of efficient metal-free catalysts for peroxymonosulfate activation:selective degradation of organic contaminants via a dual nonradical reaction pathway[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2020,398:122808.
[33]
Wang Y, Cao D, Zhao X. Heterogeneous degradation of refractory pollutants by peroxymonosulfate activated by CoOx-doped ordered mesoporous carbon[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2017,328:1112-1121.
[34]
Stan S D, Daeschel M A. 5, 5-Dimethyl-2-pyrrolidone-N-oxyl formation in electron spin resonance studies of electrolyzed NaCl solution using 5, 5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide as a spin trapping agent[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2005,53(12):4906-4910.
[35]
Hu J-Y, Tian K, Jiang H. Improvement of phenol photodegradation efficiency by a combined g-C3N4/Fe(III)/persulfate system[J]. Chemosphere, 2016,148:34-40.
[36]
Wang X L, Yang H G. Facile fabrication of high-yield graphitic carbon nitride with a large surface area using bifunctional urea for enhanced photocatalytic performance[J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental, 2017,205:624-630.
[37]
Sharma J, Mishra I, Dionysiou D D, et al. Oxidative removal of bisphenol A by UV-C/peroxymonosulfate (PMS):kinetics, influence of co-existing chemicals and degradation pathway[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2015,276:193-204.
