Removal of tetracycline hydrochloride from aqueous solutions by sulfonated biochar-activated persulfate
DONG Kang-ni1, XIE Geng-xin1, YAN Ming2, YAN Zhuo-yi1, XIONG Xin1
1. College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; 2. College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410012, China
Abstract:Sulfonated modified ramie biochar (SBC) was prepared by a high temperature calcination-sulfonation method and used as a persulfate activator to effectively remove tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) from aqueous solutions. The morphology and structure of SBC were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), specific surface area analyzer (BET) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Effects of initial pH value and the dosages of SBC and PS on TCH degradation in the SBC/PS system were investigated. Also, reuse properties of synthetic materials were examined. The results showed that SBC were lamellar mesoporous materials with abundant oxygen-containing and xanthate functional groups on their surface. Under the optimal conditions of initial pH value of 3, PS dosage of 10mmol/L and SBC dosage of 0.5g/L, the TCH removal of SBC/PS system reached 89.0% after 180min, which was significantly better than that of SBC, ramie straw original biochar (BC), PS and BC/PS systems. Within the experiment scope of this investigation, the degradation performance of TCH by SBC/PS system exhibited a falling-rising-falling pattern with the increase of pH (pH=3~11). With increasing dosage of PS and SBC, the removal of TCH tended to increase, then drop. Free radical quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments showed that the sulfate radical (SO4-·), hydroxyl radical (·OH), superoxide radical (O2-·) and single oxygen (1O2) were produced and 1O2 played a dominating role in the SBC/PS system during the degradation of TCH. The recycling experiments revealed that SBC had an improved reusability. This study suggested that the SBC was an environmentally friendly and efficient non-metallic carbon-based persulfate activator with a promising prospect of applications.
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