1. Taihu Basin Monitoring Center of Hydrology and Water Resources, Key Laboratory of Taihu Bsin Water Resources Management and Protection of the Ministry of Water Resources, Wuxi 214024, China; 2. Taihu Basin Authority of Ministry of Water Resources, Shanghai 200434, China
Abstract：Water level is an important basic hydrological element, and its variation characteristics have an important impact on the structure and function of the lake ecosystem. Based on the long series of monitoring data from 2000 to 2020, the characteristics and correlation of hydrology, water environment and water ecology of Lake Taihu were analyzed. The results showed that the water level of Lake Taihu had risen since 2000, the concentration of total phosphorus and chlorophyll-a had risen fluctuated, and the distribution area of submerged plants had decreased obviously. The water levels from January to February, March to April, January to April, May to July and days over 3.5m were significantly negatively correlated with the distribution area of submerged plants in May of that year. The annual average water level, the water level from August to September and the number of days over 3.5m were significantly negatively correlated with the area of submerged plants in May of the next year. However, the influence of water level on the area of submerged plants in August was relatively weak when compared with May. The region between East and West Mountains of Lake Taihu and Dongjiaozui were potential key recovery areas for submerged plants. Based on the life history of submerged plants, the establishment method of suitable ecological water level of Lake Taihu was put forward for the first time, and the appropriate ecological water level was established. The appropriate ecological water level was more conducive to the germination and initial growth of submerged plants, and maintains a good hydrological rhythm. Due to the adaptability of submerged plants to long-term high water level in Lake Taihu, the fluctuation of water level in the short term would not lead to a drastic decrease in the distribution area of submerged plants. Artificial water grass harvesting was the main reason for the sudden decrease of submerged plant area in Lake Taihu in 2015. Reducing water level is one of the effective means to restore submerged plants in Lake Taihu, but flood control, water supply, water ecology and water environment in the basin all have different demands on the water level of Lake Taihu, so it is necessary to coordinate water security, water resources, water ecology and water environment, and to establish a multi-objective coordinated water level of Lake Taihu as soon as possible.
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