The dechlorination of 9 typical commercial polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners including PCB5, 12, 64, 71, 105, 114, 149, 153 and 170 was investigated in Taihu Lake sediment microcosms for 24 weeks with the supplementation of 7.5mmol/L acetate and 7.5mmol/L fatty acid mixture (acetate:propionate:butyrate=1:1:1), respectively. The addition of acetate and fatty acid mixture slightly enhanced the degradation of PCBs, with the dechlorination rate of total PCBs concentration increased from (0.276±0.023) mg/(kg·week) to (0.383±0.033) and (0.410±0.036) mg/(kg·week), respectively. The relative dechlorination rates of certain dechlorination pathways increased, especially for the single-flanked para dechlorination pathway, while, the target parent PCB congeners or the dechlorination pathways did not shift. The supplementation of carbon sources apparently favored the reduction of total toxic equivalent (TEQ) in the microcosms. The TEQ declined by greater than 95% within 24 weeks. No significant difference of enhanced degradation was observed in acetate and fatty acids mixture amended microcosms.
Wiegel J, Wu Q Z. Microbial reductive dehalogenation of polychlorinated biphenyls[J]. Fems Microbiology Ecology, 2000, 32(1):1-15.
[2]
Mills S A, Thal D I, Barney J. A summary of the 209 PCB congener nomenclature[J]. Chemosphere, 2007,68(9):1603-1612.
[3]
Safe S. Toxicology, structure-function relationship, and human and environmental-health impacts of polychlorinated-biphenyls-progress and problems[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives, 1993,100:259-268.
[4]
Safe S. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs):mutagenicity and carcinogenicity[J]. Mutation Research/reviews in Genetic Toxicology, 1989,220(1):31-47.
[5]
Passatore L, Rossetti S, Juwarkar A A, et al. Phytoremediation and bioremediation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs):State of knowledge and research perspectives[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2014,278:189-202.
[6]
Beyer A, Biziuk M. Environmental fate and global distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls[J]. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2009,201:137-158.
[7]
Tanabe S. PCB problems in the future:Foresight from current knowledge[J]. Environmental Pollution, 1988,50(1/2):5-28.
[8]
梅卫平,阮慧慧,吴昊,等.滴水湖水系表层沉积物中多氯联苯残留与风险评价[J]. 中国环境科学, 2014,34(8):2086-2092. Mei W, Ruan H, Wu H, et al. Residual characteristics and ecological risk assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the surface sediments of Dishui Lake watershed[J]. China Environmental Science, 2014,34(8):2086-2092.
[9]
孟会生,张渊,李维宏,等.汾河表层沉积物PCBs和OCPs含量、来源及生态风险[J]. 中国环境科学, 2013,33(4):714-721. Meng H, Zhang Y, Li W, et al. Polychlorinated biphenyl and organochlorine pesticides in surface sediments of Fenhe River:The concentration, sources and ecological risk[J]. China Environmental Science, 2013,33(4):714-721.
[10]
Tiedje J M, Quensen J F, Chee-Sanford J, et al. Microbial reductive dechlorination of PCBs[J]. Biodegradation, 1993,4(4):231-240.
[11]
Kaya D, Imamoglu I, Sanin F D, et al. Potential risk reduction of Aroclor 1254 by microbial dechlorination in anaerobic Grasse river sediment microcosms[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2017,321:879-887.
[12]
许妍,傅大放.多氯联苯微生物厌氧脱氯研究进展[J]. 环境化学, 2014,33(6):908-914. Xu Y, Fu D. A review on microbial-catalyzed reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2014, 33(6):908-914.
[13]
Alder A C, Haggblom M M, Oppenhelmer S R, et al. Reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated-biphenyls in anaerobic sediments[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 1993,27(3):530-538.
[14]
Tandlich R, Brezna B, Dercova K. The effect of terpenes on the biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls by pseudomonasstutzeri[J]. Chemosphere, 2001,44(7):1547-1555.
[15]
Luo W, Hu C. Interaction of plant secondary metabolites and organic carbon substrates affected on biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyl[J]. Journal of Environmental Biology, 2013,34(2):337-343.
[16]
Nies L, Vogel T M. Effects of organic substrates on dechlorination of Aroclor-1242 in anaerobic sediments[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1990,56(9):2612-2617.
[17]
Schink B. Energetics of syntrophic cooperation in methanogenic degradation[J]. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 1997, 61(2):262-280.
[18]
Fennell D E, Gossett J M, Zinder S H. Comparison of butyric kid, ethanol, lactic acid, and propionic acid as hydrogen donors for the reductive dechlorination oftetrachloroethene[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 1997,31(3):918-926.
[19]
Karatas S, Hasar H, Taskan E, et al. Bio-reduction of tetrachloroethen using a H2-based membrane biofilm reactor and community fingerprinting[J]. Water Research, 2014,58:21-28.
[20]
Yu H, Wan H, Feng C, et al. Microbial polychlorinated biphenyl dechlorination in sediments by electrical stimulation:The effect of adding acetate and nonionic surfactant[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017,580:1371-1380.
[21]
Cutter L A, Watts J E M, Sowers K R, et al. Identification of a microorganism that links its growth to the reductive dechlorination of 2,3,5,6-chlorobiphenyl[J]. Environmental Microbiology, 2001,3(11):699-709.
[22]
Wu Q Z, Watts J E M, Sowers K R, et al. Identification of a bacterium that specifically catalyzes the reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls with doubly flanked chlorines[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2002,68(2):807-812.
[23]
LaRoe S L, Fricker A D, Bedard D L. Dehalococcoides mccartyi strain JNA in pure culture extensively dechlorinates Aroclor 1260 according to polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) dechlorination process N[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2014,48(16):9187-9196.
[24]
Adrian L, Dudkova V, Demnerova K, et al. "Dehalococcoides" sp strain CBDB1 extensively dechlorinates the commercial polychlorinated biphenyl mixture Aroclor 1260[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2009,75(13):4516-4524.
[25]
Fennell D E, Nijenhuis I, Wilson S F, et al. Dehalococcoidesethenogenes strain 195 reductively dechlorinates diverse chlorinated aromatic pollutants[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2004,38(7):2075-2081.
[26]
Wang S, Chng K R, Wilm A, et al. Genomic characterization of three unique Dehalococcoides that respire on persistent polychlorinated biphenyls[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014,111(33):12103-12108.
[27]
Holoman T R P, Elberson M A, Cutter L A, et al. Characterization of a defined 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorobiphenyl-ortho-dechlorinating microbial community by comparative sequence analysis of genes coding for 16S rRNA[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1998,64(9):3359-3367.
[28]
Ho C H, Liu S M. Impact of coplanar PCBs on microbial communities in anaerobic estuarine sediments[J]. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B, Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes, 2010,45(5):437-448.
[29]
于英鹏,刘敏.太湖流域水源地多氯联苯分布特征与污染水平[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2018,13(1):147-153. Yu Y, Liu M. Distribution Characteristics and Pollution Level of PCBs in Water Source Area of Taihu River Basin[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2018,13(1):147-153.
[30]
朱洁羽,王栋,王远坤,等.太湖流域持久性有机污染物特征分析和生态与健康风险评价[J]. 南京大学学报(自然科学), 2016,52(2):370-381. Zhu J, Wang D, Wang Y, et al. Comprehensive analysis and ecological and health risk assessment of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Taihu Lake Basin[J]. Journal of Nanjing University (Natural Science), 2016, 52(2):370-381.
[31]
聂明华,杨毅,刘敏,等.太湖流域水源地悬浮颗粒物中的PAH、OCP和PCB[J]. 中国环境科学, 2011,31(8):1347-1354. Nie M, Yang Y, Liu M, et al. PAH、OCP and PCB in suspended particular matters (SPMs) in drinking water reservoir from the Taihu Lake basin[J]. China Environmental Science, 2013,31(8):1347-1354.
[32]
徐磊,刘莎,秦庆东,等.太湖竺山湾及入湖河流沉积物中多氯联苯单体分布及源解析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017,37(11):4333-4341. Xu L, Liu S, Qin Q, et al. Distribution and source apportionment of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in surface sediments from Zhushan Bay and the inflow rivers of Lake Taihu[J]. China Environmental Science, 2017,37(11):4333-4341.
[33]
Xu Y, Wei S, Qin Q, et al. AhR-mediated activities and compounds in sediments of Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, China determined by in vitro bioassay and instrumental analysis[J]. Rsc Advances, 2015,5(69):55746-55.
[34]
马召辉,金军,亓学奎,等.太湖沉积物中多溴联苯醚和类二英多氯联苯的水平垂直分布[J]. 环境科学, 2013,34(3):1136-1141. Ma Z, Jin J, Qi X, et al. Vertical distribution of PBDEs and DL-PCBs in sediments of Taihu Lake[J]. Environmental Science, 2013,34(3):1136-1141.
[35]
许妍,刘莎,徐磊,等.典型多氯联苯在太湖底泥微环境中的脱氯降解[J]. 东南大学学报(自然科学版), 2017,47(4):825-831. Xu Y, Liu S, Xu L, et al. Dechlorination of typical polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in Taihu Lake sediment microcosms[J]. Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), 2017,47(4):825-831.
[36]
周亚子.竞争电子受体(SO42-、FeOOH)对太湖底泥中多氯联苯微生物厌氧脱氯的影响研究[D]. 南京:东南大学, 2016. Zhou Y. Effects of alternative election acceptors (SO42-、FeOOH) on microbial reduction dechlorianation of polychlorinated biphenyls in Taihu Lake sediments[D]. Nanjing:Southeast University, 2016.
[37]
Xu Y, Gregory K B, VanBriesen J M. Microbial-catalyzed reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls in Hudson and Grasse river sediment microcosms:Determination of dechlorination preferences and identification of rare ortho removal pathways[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2016,50(23):12767-12778.
[38]
Frame G M, Cochran J W, Bowadt S S. Complete PCB congener distributions for 17 Aroclor mixtures determined by 3HRGC systems optimized for comprehensive, quantitative, congener-specific analysis[J]. HRC-Journal of High Resolution Chromatography, 1996,19(12):657-668.
[39]
陈燕燕,尹颖,王晓蓉,等.太湖表层沉积物中PAHs和PCBs的分布及风险评价[J]. 中国环境科学, 2009,29(2):118-124. Chen Y, Yin Y, Wang X, et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyl in surface sediments of Taihu Lake:the distribution, sources and risk assessment[J]. China Environmental Science. 2009,29(2):118-124.
[40]
Yan T, LaPara T M, Novak P J. The effect of varying levels of sodium bicarbonate on polychlorinated biphenyl dechlorination in Hudson River sediment cultures[J]. Environmental Microbiology. 2006,8(7):1288-1298.
[41]
GB/T 8948-2008气体中一氧化碳、二氧化碳和碳氢化合物的测定气相色谱法[S]. GB/T 8948-2008 Determination of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon in gases-Gas chromatographic method[S].
[42]
Van den Berg M, Birnbaum L, Bosveld A T C, et al. Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for humans and wildlife[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives, 1998,106(12):775-792.
[43]
张小元,李香真,李家宝.微生物互营产甲烷研究进展[J]. 应用与环境微生物学报, 2016,22(1):156-166. Zhang X, Li Z, Li J. Microbial syntrophic methanogenesis:A review[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 2016,22(1):156-166.
[44]
Chang B V, Liu W G, Yuan S Y. Microbial dechlorination of three PCB congeners in river sediment[J]. Chemosphere, 2001,45(6/7):849-856.
[45]
Kim J, Rhee G Y. Reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls:Interactions of dechlorinating microorganisms with methanogens and sulfate reducers[J]. Environmental Toxicology Chemistry, 1999,18(12):2696-2702.
[46]
Van den Berg M, Birnbaum L S, Denison M, et al. The 2005 World Health Organization reevaluation of human and mammalian toxic equivalency factors for dioxins and dioxin-like compounds[J]. Toxicological Sciences, 2006,93(2):223-241.