黄河(郑州段)水体中微塑料污染特征及来源分析

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摘要为探究微塑料在我国黄河中下游水体中的分布情况和污染特征,以黄河(郑州段)为研究对象,选取7个具有代表性的点位采集水样,通过体视显微镜对微塑料的丰度和形貌特征进行观察,进一步借助显微红外光谱对其组成成分进行鉴定,并将统计结果与其他水体的微塑料污染状况进行对比分析,并探究其污染来源.结果表明:黄河(郑州段)水体中微塑料平均丰度为(16.86 ±4.20) n/L;以粒径小于1mm的尺寸为主,占比高达61.42%;形状中纤维状占比最高为79.31%;微塑料颜色以透明为主,占比为56.06%;微塑料聚合物类型以人造丝(Rayon)为主,同时还有聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)和聚丙烯(PP)等.不同点位微塑料的形貌特征和聚合物类型可在一定程度上反映其潜在污染来源.黄河(郑州段)和其他水体相比,微塑料丰度分布存在一定的差异性,粒径分布趋势则大致相同,形状、颜色以纤维状、透明为主,不同水体间的微塑料污染差异可能与水体周边生境、经济水平以及人类活动情况等因素密切相关.

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关键词 ：微塑料, 污染特征, 黄河, 丰度, 分布

Abstract：To investigate the distribution and pollution characteristics of microplastics in the water environment of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in China, this study took the Zhengzhou section of the Yellow River as the study object, selected seven representative points for water sample collection, observed the abundance and morphological characteristics of microplastics by body-viewing microscope, further identified their constituents with the help of micro-infrared spectroscopy, compared and analyzed the statistics with the microplastic pollution status of other water bodies, and explored their pollution sources. The results showed that the average abundance of microplastics in the water body was (16.86 ±4.20) n/L; the size of particle less than 1mm was dominant, accounting for 61.42%; the shape of fibrous accounted for the highest proportion of 79.31%; the color of microplastics was dominated by transparent, accounting for 56.06%; Rayon dominated the polymer type of microplastics, and there were also polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP), etc. The morphological characteristics and polymer types of microplastics in different locations can reflect their potential sources of pollution to a certain extent. Compared with other water bodies, the abundance distribution of microplastics in Zhengzhou section of the Yellow River showed some differences, while the distribution trend of particle size was more or less the same, and the shape and color were mainly fibrous and transparent. The differences in microplastic contamination among different water bodies may be closely related to the habitat around the water bodies, the economic level, and the situation of human activities.

Key words： microplastics pollution characteristics Yellow River abundance distribution

收稿日期: 2023-11-13

PACS:

X52

基金资助:河南省重点研发与推广专项(232102320251)

通讯作者: 张发文,副教授,zhangfawen@henau.edu.cn E-mail: zhangfawen@henau.edu.cn

作者简介: 李和通(1975-),男,河南南召人,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事新污染物的监测与管理.发表论文8篇.helten@126.com.

引用本文:

李和通, 马振芳, 郭宇, 邓正云, 李银月, 桂新, 马丽, 张发文. 黄河(郑州段)水体中微塑料污染特征及来源分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2024, 44(7): 4136-4144. LI He-tong, MA Zhen-fang, GUO Yu, DENG Zheng-yun, LI Yin-yue, GUI Xin, MA Li, ZHANG Fa-wen. Distribution and source characterization of microplastics pollution in Zhengzhou Section of the Yellow River. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2024, 44(7): 4136-4144.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I7/4136

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