我国城市地区PM<sub>2.5</sub>和O<sub>3</sub>污染相关性:2017~2022年时空演变特征与协同防控启示

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摘要基于2017~2022年全国地级及以上城市空气质量监测数据及各省(自治区、直辖市)污染排放数据,计算PM_2.5日均浓度(DA PM_2.5)和O₃日最大8h滑动平均值(MDA8_O₃)间的皮尔逊相关系数(Rp),分区域分时段研究了二者相关性的时空变化特征,从污染排放等方面分析其原因.结果表明:从时空变化上看,全国范围内DA PM_2.5和MDA8_O₃第一、四季度在统计上无显著相关性(R_p=-0.11~0.03),仅西南、华南地区为正相关(R_p=0.11~0.32).全国范围内DA PM_2.5和MDA8O₃在第二季度(R_p=0.26~0.36)、第三季度(R_p=0.46~0.55)呈正相关,汾渭平原及西北地区在部分年份不相关.污染排放是影响PM_2.5和O₃污染相关性的主要因素.从时间变化上看,全国和各区域一次PM_2.5、二氧化硫排放特征值(ECV_{PM_2.5}、ECV_SO₂)下降而氮氧化物、挥发性有机物排放特征值(ECV_{NO_x}和ECV_VOCs)上升,这与大部分省(自治区、直辖市)Rp平均值上升的趋势一致.从空间分布上看,在ECV_{PM_2.5}和ECV_SO₂低而ECV_{NO_x}和ECV_VOCs高的地区,PM_2.5与O₃污染正相关性较强.提出全国不同区域差异化的污染防控启示.京津冀及周边、长三角、东北和西南地区(第二、三季度)以及华南地区(全年),需关注NO_x和VOCs排放控制.京津冀及周边、长三角、东北和西南地区(第一、四季度)以及汾渭平原和西北地区(全年),需加强一次PM_2.5污染减排.

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关键词 ：细颗粒物, O₃, 关联性, 重点区域, 空气污染特征

Abstract：Based on air quality monitoring data in all cities nationwide from 2017 to 2022, the Pearson correlation coefficient (Rp) between PM_2.5 daily average concentration (DA PM_2.5) and the maximum daily 8-hour moving average of O₃ (MDA8_O₃) was calculated, and the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of Rp was investigated. The results show that: There was no statistically significant correlation between DA PM_2.5 and MDA8_O₃ in the first and fourth quarters nationwide (R_p=-0.11~0.03), and positive correlation was only found in Southwest and South China (R_p=0.11~0.32). A nationwide positive correlation existed between DA PM_2.5 and MDA8_O₃ in the second (R_p=0.26~0.36) and the third quarters (R_p=0.46~0.55), but no correlation in Fen-Wei Plain and Northwest China for some years. Pollutant emission is the main factor affecting the correlation between PM_2.5 and O₃ pollution. Temporally, the emission characteristic values of primary PM_2.5 and sulfur dioxide (ECV_{PM_2.5} and ECV_SO₂) decreased while those of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (ECV_{NO_x} and ECV_VOCs) increased, which is consistent with the increasing trend of the average Rp values in most provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government). Spatially, for regions with relatively lower ECV_{PM_2.5} and ECV_SO₂ but higher ECV_VOCs and ECV_{NO_x}, the positive correlation between PM_2.5 and O₃ pollution is stronger. Based on the findings above, it is proposed that Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surrounding area (BTH), Yangtze River Delta (YRD), Northeast and Southwest China (in the second and third quarters), and Southern China (year-round) shall pay attention to NO_x and VOCs emission control, while BTH, YRD, Northeast and Southwest China (in the first and fourth quarters), and Fen-Wei Plain and the Northwest China (year-round), need to mitigate primary PM_2.5 emission.

Key words： fine particulate matter ozone correlation key region air pollution characteristics

收稿日期: 2023-11-23

PACS:

X51

基金资助:PM_2.5和O₃复合污染协同防控科技攻关项目(DQGG2021301,DQGG2021101);国家自然科学基金资助项目(42005095)

通讯作者: 褚旸晰,副研究员,chuyx@craes.org.cn E-mail: chuyx@craes.org.cn

作者简介: 张恺乐(1998-),男,山西临汾人,中国环境科学研究院硕士,主要从事大气污染成因研究.zhangkaile22@mails.ucas.ac.cn.

引用本文:

张恺乐, 褚旸晰, 储王辉, 张浩, 迟茜元, 李红. 我国城市地区PM_2.5和O₃污染相关性:2017~2022年时空演变特征与协同防控启示[J]. 中国环境科学, 2024, 44(6): 3004-3011. ZHANG Kai-le, CHU Yang-xi, CHU Wang-hui, ZHANG Hao, CHI Xi-yuan, LI Hong. The correlation between PM_2.5 and O₃ pollution in urban areas of China: spatiotemporal variation from 2017 to 2022 and implication for synergistic prevention and control. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2024, 44(6): 3004-3011.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I6/3004

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