基于IASI的中国NH<sub>3</sub>浓度及排放时空分布特征分析

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摘要基于红外大气探测干涉仪(IASI)反演的NH₃柱浓度数据,利用排放通量盒模型和动态NH₃寿命估算了中国2008~2016年的NH₃排放量,并结合中国的土地覆盖类型、人口密度及人口增长数据分析了中国NH₃浓度及排放的空间分布和年际变化趋势.结果发现,2008~2016年中国平均NH₃柱浓度、排放通量密度和排放量分别为6.81×10¹⁵molec/cm²、1.43g/m²和10.09Tg,其中山东、河南两省的NH₃浓度增长最快,年均增长率分别为1.47×10¹⁵和1.23×10¹⁵molec/(cm²·a).高浓度及高排放强度区域主要集中在华北、新疆中部及四川盆地地区,表现为向四周逐渐减小的趋势分布,这与中国的耕地、高人口密度区域分布基本一致.中国的NH₃排放量整体呈上升趋势,从2008年的9.33Tg增加到2016年的13.96Tg,从占全球总量的14.96%上升到了24.88%.在这期间,西北和华北地区贡献了我国排放总量的47.50%,而青藏高原地区仅占2.65%.中国各地区的NH₃浓度具有“夏峰冬谷”的季节性特征,春、夏、秋和冬4个季节分别占全年总浓度的28.96%、49.84%、13.02%和8.17%,这表明春夏频繁的农业活动对NH₃浓度的贡献不可忽视.考虑到中国NH₃浓度及排放存在显著的时空差异,制定分时段、分区域的空气污染防治计划对NH₃的减排治理将更加切实有效.

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关键词 ： NH₃排放, 红外大气探测干涉仪(IASI), NH₃寿命, PM_2.5污染, 时空分布

Abstract：Based on the NH₃ column concentration data inverted by the infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer (IASI), the NH₃ emissions in China from 2008 to 2016 were estimated using an emission flux box model and dynamic NH₃ lifetimes. Then, the spatial distribution and long-term trends of NH₃ concentrations and emissions in China were analyzed by combining land cover types, population density and population growth in China. The results indicated that the average column concentration, the emission flux density, and the emissions of NH₃ in China from 2008 to 2016 were 6.81×10¹⁵molec/cm², 1.43g/m², and 10.09 Tg, respectively. The concentrations of NH₃ in Shandong and Henan provinces increased the fastest, with average annual growth rates of 1.47×10¹⁵ and 1.23×10¹⁵molec/(cm²·a), respectively. The high concentration and high emission intensity mainly appeared in North China, central Xinjiang and the Sichuan basin, showing a decreasing trend from center to periphery, which is basically consistent with the distribution of China's arable land and high-population-density areas. The overall NH₃ emissions in China showed an upward trend, increasing from 9.33 Tg in 2008 to 13.96 Tg in 2016, and increased from 4.96% to 24.88% of the global emissions. During this period, the northwestern and northern regions of China contributed 47.50% of the total emissions, while the Tibetan Plateau region accounted for only 2.65%. The NH₃ concentration in China has the seasonal characteristic of "high in summer and low in winter", and each season accounts for 28.96%, 49.84%, 13.02% and 8.17% of the total annual concentration, respectively, which indicates that the contribution of frequent agricultural activities and fertilizer application to NH₃ concentration in spring and summer cannot be ignored. The NH₃ concentrations and emissions show significant spatiotemporal differences in China, thus preparation of air pollution control plans for different periods of time and regions will be more effective in reducing NH₃ emissions.

Key words： NH₃ emissions infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer (IASI) NH₃ lifetime PM_2.5 pollution spatial and temporal distribution

收稿日期: 2023-10-11

PACS:

X511

基金资助:贵州大学培育项目(贵大培育[2019]26号);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项子课题(XDA28060201);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41701464)

通讯作者: 张春亢,副教授,chkang_chd@163.com E-mail: chkang_chd@163.com

作者简介: 文鹏帆(2000-),男,贵州铜仁人,贵州大学硕士研究生,主要从事资源与环境遥感方面的研究.gs.pfwen22@gzu.edu.cn.

引用本文:

文鹏帆, 张春亢, 杨庆骅, 杨正雄峰, 黎国庆. 基于IASI的中国NH₃浓度及排放时空分布特征分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2024, 44(6): 3040-3051. WEN Peng-fan, ZHANG Chun-kang, YANG Qing-hua, YANG Zheng-xiongfeng, LI Guo-qing. Characterization of spatial and temporal distribution of NH₃ concentrations and emissions in China based on IASI observations. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2024, 44(6): 3040-3051.

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