磁铁矿介导沉积物中菲的微生物降解机制

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摘要制备两种不同形态的磁铁矿(纳米Fe₃O₄和微米Fe₃O₄),对不同形态磁铁矿介导下沉积物中PAHs的生物降解影响进行了探究. 在有氧条件下,纳米Fe₃O₄和微米Fe₃O₄未明显降低沉积物PAHs总含量. 为进一步探究在不同氧化还原条件下磁铁矿对PAHs的厌氧生物降解影响,以菲为目标污染物,通过富集和培养沉积物中的相关降解菌群落,在不同氧化还原条件下投加两种形态的磁铁矿进行培养实验,发现投加Fe₃O₄在一定程度上促进了菲的厌氧生物降解. 在没有外加电子受体的条件下微米Fe₃O₄能显著促进菲的降解,而在硫酸盐或硝酸盐处理组中纳米Fe₃O₄对菲降解的促进效果更显著,菲降解速率常数是对照组的1.39倍. 电子传递体系(ETS)活性结果表明,投加Fe₃O₄可以显著提高微生物呼吸活性.纳米Fe₃O₄处理组和微米Fe₃O₄处理组的ETS活性较对照组分别提高了441.7%~511.2%和113.8%~141.1%.微生物群落结构表明,投加Fe₃O₄增加了芳香化合物降解菌Hydrogenophaga及Ignavibacterium的丰度;相对于微米Fe₃O₄,纳米Fe₃O₄提高了PAHs降解菌Achromobacter和Ensifer的丰度.另外,纳米Fe₃O₄可能通过释放更多的Fe(Ⅱ)和Fe(Ⅲ)来介导微生物间的电子转移. 这些结果有助于深入理解磁铁矿在有机污染物生物降解过程中的重要作用,为污染沉积物修复提供了一种潜在的应用方法.

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	王鸿洋
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关键词 ：磁铁矿, 多环芳烃, 生物降解, 电子传递

Abstract：In the surface environments, magnetite (Fe₃O₄) serves as an electron receptor and donor for microbial extracellular respiration, facilitating interspecies electron transfer as a means to promote the biodegradation of organic pollutants. It has gradually found application in the realm of water pollution remediation. The interplay between magnetite and the mineral-microbe interface assumes a profoundly pivotal role. However, the biodegradation mechanism of PAHs in sediments mediated by different morphologies of magnetite remains unclear. In this paper, two different morphologies of magnetite (micron Fe₃O₄ and nano Fe₃O₄) were prepared to investigate the effect of the magnetite on the biodegradation of PAHs in sediments. Under aerobic conditions, the addition of magnetite did not appreciably reduce the total content of PAHs and certain high-ring PAHs in the sediment. Nevertheless, the introduction of magnetite significantly diminished the levels of low-ring PAHs (naphthalene and phenanthrene) in the sediment. To further investigate the anaerobic biodegradation influence of magnetite on PAHs under varying redox conditions, with phenanthrene as the target pollutant, enrichment and cultivation experiments were conducted with the indigenous degrading microbial communities in the sediment. Two forms of magnetite were introduced under different redox conditions. The results revealed that the augmented treatment with magnetite or electron acceptors somewhat promoted anaerobic biodegradation. Under natural attenuation conditions, the independent addition of micron Fe₃O₄ significantly enhanced phenanthrene degradation, whereas the effect of nano Fe₃O₄ on phenanthrene degradation was more pronounced under sulfate and nitrate reducing conditions.The phenanthrene degradation rate constant under sulfate reducing condition was 1.39 times higher than that of the control treatment. Electron transfer system (ETS) activity demonstrated that the addition of Fe₃O₄ significantly enhances microbial respiration activity. Compared with the control, the ETS activity of the nano-Fe₃O₄ and the micro-Fe₃O₄ treatment increased by 441.7%~511.2% and 113.8%~141.1%, respectively. The microbial community structure indicated that the addition of Fe₃O₄ increased the abundance of aromatic compound-degrading bacteria such as Hydrogenophaga and Ignavibacterium, and relative to micron Fe₃O₄, nano Fe₃O₄ augments the abundance of PAH-degrading bacteria, Achromobacter and Ensifer. Furthermore, nano Fe₃O₄ may mediate intermicrobial electron transfer by releasing more Fe(II) and Fe(III). These findings contribute to a deeper comprehension of the pivotal role of magnetite in the biodegradation of organic pollutants, offering a potential approach for the remediation of contaminated sediments.

Key words： magnetite polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) biodegradation electron transfer

PACS:

X524

通讯作者: 晏再生,副研究员,zshyan@niglas.ac.cn;叶华香,副教授,yhx1119@hrbnu.edu.cn E-mail: zshyan@niglas.ac.cn;yhx1119@hrbnu.edu.cn

作者简介: 王鸿洋(1999-),男,河南驻马店人,硕士研究生,主要从事湖泊沉积物污染物降解研究.发表论文3篇.email:1694168064@qq.com

引用本文:

王鸿洋, 尤佳, 晏再生, 江和龙, 叶华香. 磁铁矿介导沉积物中菲的微生物降解机制[J]. 中国环境科学, 2025, 45(1): 208-222. WANG Hong-yang, YOU Jia, YAN Zai-sheng, JIANG He-long, YE Hua-xiang. Microbial mechanism of magnetite addition on the biodegradation of phenanthrene in sediments. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2025, 45(1): 208-222.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V45/I1/208

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