Degradation of emerging pollutants via ferrate catalyzed by magnetic biochar: efficiency and mechanism
QIU Qi1,2, ZHENG Rui-bin3,4, ZHOU Wei-wei5, SUN Shao-fang3,4, GAO Ming-chang2, QIU Li-ping4,6, LI Hong-lan3,4
1. School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China; 2. School of Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; 3. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; 4. Shandong Province Engineering Technology Research Center for Water Purification Functional Material, Jinan 250022, China; 5. Shandong Urban Construction Vocational College, Jinan 250103, China; 6. School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
Abstract：The degradation efficiency of various emerging pollutants by potassium ferrate (Fe(VI)) catalysed through magnetic biochar (MC) prepared using hydrothermal-calcination method was investigated. The reactive species in M-BC/Fe(VI) system and the effects of the dosage of M-BC, Fe(VI), pH value and natural organic matters on the degradation efficiency of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) were studied. The results indicated that the removal of SMX by alone M-BC (50mg/L) and Fe(VI) (50μmol/L) were 3.5% and 54.1% during 20min, respectively, while the M-BC/Fe(VI) system achieved an SMX degradation rate of 89.6%. Experiments with probe compounds and inhibitors confirmed that the primary reactive species in the system were intermediate valence iron (Fe(V)/Fe(IV)). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that the main active sites on M-BC were surface phenolic hydroxyl groups. Under pH conditions of 8, increasing the dosages of Fe(VI) and M-BC enhanced the removal of SMX by the M-BC/Fe(VI) system. Compared to the alone Fe(VI) system, the degradation of SMX in the M-BC/Fe(VI) system was increased by 114%, 63.6%, 300%, and 350% at pH 7, 8, 9, and 10, respectively. Low concentrations of natural organic matter (1mg/L) promoted the degradation of SMX by the M-BC/Fe(VI) system, but high concentrations of natural organic matter (5~10mg/L) competed with SMX for Fe(VI) and Fe(V)/Fe(IV), leading to a decrease in the degradation efficiency of SMX. Additionally, the M-BC/Fe(VI) system achieved SMX degradation of 100% and 83.7% in spring and Yellow River water, highlighting its potential for practical application in water treatment process.
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