海陆风对环珠江口地区臭氧污染的影响

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摘要利用地面气象和空气质量观测数据及第五代欧洲中心大气再分析数据(ERA5),对2022年环珠江口地区在海陆风环流影响下的臭氧(O₃)污染特征进行研究.结果表明,环珠江口7市2022年海陆风日天数在40~64d,海陆风日主要集中在春季及秋季.区域海陆风日各市平均O₃日最大8h滑动平均浓度(O₃-8h)中位数及超标率分别为141μg/m³和38%,非海陆风日仅为74μg/m³和11%.海陆风环流对珠江口西岸的珠海、中山、江门三市O₃污染影响最大,3市海陆风日O₃-8h相比非海陆风日分别偏高26%、41%和29%.海陆风环流使珠中江地区O₃峰值浓度的出现时间比非海陆风日平均偏晚0.5h,平均峰值浓度偏高29%.当海风在17:00或18:00首次出现,该时次O₃小时增长率为正增长的比例分别达72%和41%,平均增长率比非海陆风日分别偏高5%和7%,但海风出现1h后O₃小时增长率明显下降.珠中江地区海陆风日平均回流指数(RF)比北风日和南风日偏低39%,陆风转海风时段平均RF比陆风及海风时段分别偏低14%和15%,海陆风超标日平均RF比非海陆风超标日偏低28%,海陆风环流使大气扩散能力减弱,因此O₃污染比非海陆风日更趋严重.

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关键词 ：海陆风, 珠江口, O₃污染, 回流指数

Abstract：Using surface meteorological and air quality observational data and the 5^th Generation of ECMWF Reanalysis data (ERA5), the characteristics of ozone(O₃) pollution impact by the sea-land breezes(SLBs) over the Pearl River Estuary(PRE) in 2022 were studied. The results showed that the SLBs days in the seven cities of PRE were at the range of 40~64, and most of SLBs days occurred in spring and autumn. The averaged median of maximum daily 8-hour average of O₃(O₃-8h) and over-standard rate of regional SLBs days were 141μg/m³ and 38%, respectively, while only 74μg/m³ and 11% were found in non-SLBs days. The averaged O₃-8h were 26%, 41% and 29%, respectively, higher in SLBs days than those of non-SLBs days in Zhuhai, Zhongshan and Jiangmen (ZZJ), the three cities located in the western part of PRE, indicating that the impact of SLBs was the most significant in those areas. The averaged time of peak concentration in SLBs days was 0.5h later than that of non-SLBs days, with 29% increase in averaged peak concentration. When the sea breezes firstly occurred at 17:00 and 18:00, 72% and 41% of the hourly growth rates of ozone concentrations were positive, and the averaged growth rates were 5% and 7% higher, respectively, than those of non-SLBs days. But the growth rates declined obviously 1h after the occurrence of sea breezes. The averaged recirculation factor (RF) of SLBs days was 39% lower than those of north wind days and south wind days. RF of transition periods was 14% and 15% lower than those of land and sea breezes periods, respectively. Besides, compared to non-SLBs over-standard days, RF in SLBs over-standard days was 28% lower. The atmospheric diffusion capability was weakened by the SLBs, and that exacerbated the ozone pollution.

Key words： sea-land breezes Pearl River Estuary ozone pollution recirculation factor

收稿日期: 2024-08-02

PACS:

X51

基金资助:国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3709201);国家自然科学基金资助项目(42275123);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金资助项目(2023A1515012448);中国气象局重点创新团队项目(CMA2023ZD08);广东省社会发展科技协同创新项目(2024A1111120022)粤港澳大湾区气象科技协同攻关项目(GHMA2024Y03);广东省气象局科学技术研究项目(GRMC2023M26);中山市气象局科学技术研究项目(ZSKT202401)

作者简介: 麦健华(1985-),男,广东中山人,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事环境气象研究工作.发表论文10余篇.maigua@163.com.

引用本文:

麦健华, 于玲玲, 邓涛, 吴道航, 倾鹏程, 余欣洋. 海陆风对环珠江口地区臭氧污染的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2025, 45(3): 1198-1209. MAI Jian-hua, YU Ling-ling, DENG Tao, WU Dao-hang, QING Peng-cheng, YU Xin-yang. Impact of sea-land breezes on the ozone pollution over the Pearl River Estuary. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2025, 45(3): 1198-1209.

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