典型喀斯特水库水化学特征及水体营养状态影响因素研究

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摘要水库的水化学特征及营养状态是流域自然条件和人为作用的综合体现,本研究以小湾水库(XW)及丹江口水库(DJK)为研究对象,分析了喀斯特水库水体主要离子变化特征以及氮(N)、磷(P)营养盐的空间变化,解析了水体主要离子来源并分析了水库水体营养状态及其影响因素.结果表明:两水库水化学类型分别为HCO₃·SO₄-Ca型及HCO₃-Ca型,均受岩石风化作用控制,且均具有较高水平的人为输入SO₄^2-、NO₃^-;水库水体氮、磷主要以溶解态为主,水体无碳限制,但XW受氮限制,DJK受磷限制,水体营养状态均呈中营养水平;受喀斯特地区水化学背景及高风化速率的影响,C、N、P化学计量比为水体综合营养状态指数(TLI)的主要影响因素;水体在不同N、P限制条件下其营养状态的影响因子有所不同,而易受岩石风化、气候变化、人为输入等影响的C:P的值是控制水库水质的关键因素;基于水体氮、磷营养限制条件分析水化学特征、生源要素化学计量比等的影响,优化水体营养状态评价指标,为不同水文条件及功能作用下的喀斯特水库水体营养状态评价、水质管理提供依据.

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	付陈乐
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	肖尚斌

关键词 ：喀斯特水库, 水化学特征, 离子来源, 营养状态

Abstract：The hydro-chemical characteristics and trophic status of reservoirs are shaped by a combination of natural conditions and anthropogenic effects within the watershed. This study focuses on Xiaowan Reservoir (XW) and Danjiangkou Reservoir (DJK) to analyzes the main ions characteristics and spatial variations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) nutrients in their water bodies, we identify the primary sources of these ions and interprets the nutrient status of these karst reservoirs, along with the influencing factors. The results show that: The water chemistry of the karst reservoirs is governed by rock weathering, resulting in HCO₃·SO₄-Ca and HCO₃-Ca types for XW and DJK respectively; Both reservoirs exhibit high anthropogenic inputs of SO₄^2-and NO₃^-; In both reservoirs, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) predominant exist in dissolved forms. While no carbon-limitation was observed, N-limitation is evident in XW and P-limitation in DJK, leading to a mesotrophic status in both reservoirs; The stoichiometric ratio of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) are the primary factors influencing the comprehensive trophic level index (TLI) of the reservoirs. This is attributed to the karst hydrochemical background and high weathering rates; Under different N and P limiting conditions, the trophic status is affected by various factors, with the C to P ratio-sensitive to rock weathering, climate change, and anthropogenic inputs-emerging as a key determinant of water quality; To optimize the evaluation indices for assessing the trophic state and managing water quality in karst reservoirs under diverse hydrological conditions and functional roles, it is essential to analyze the effects of water chemical characteristics and stoichiometric ratios of biogenic elements on trophic status based on the analysis of nutrient limitations in water bodies.

Key words： karst reservoirs hydro-chemical characteristics ion source trophic status

收稿日期: 2024-08-29

PACS:

X142

基金资助:三峡水库生态系统湖北省野外科学观测研究站(三峡大学)开放基金(2024YWZ05);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51979148,51809149);湖北省自然科学基金创新发展联合基金(2022CFD032)

作者简介: 付陈乐(2001-),男,江西抚州人,三峡大学硕士研究生,主要从事淡水生态碳循环研究.m13170890623@163.com.

引用本文:

付陈乐, 康满春, 孟江槐, 刘佳, 刘流, 龙良红, 肖尚斌. 典型喀斯特水库水化学特征及水体营养状态影响因素研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2025, 45(3): 1483-1495. FU Chen-le, KANG Man-chun, MENG Jiang-huai, LIU Jia, LIU liu, LONG Liang-hong, XIAO Shang-bin. Study of hydro-chemical characteristics and influencing factors of the tropic status in typical karst reservoirs. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2025, 45(3): 1483-1495.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V45/I3/1483

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