Abstract：Traditional fertilizers are prone to causing excessive nutrient levels in the soil, and nutrient loss through surface runoff, denitrification, volatilization, and leaching not only harms the environment but also affects human health. Therefore, developing fertilizers that improve nutrient utilization efficiency and reduce pollution is crucial. Slow-release fertilizers provide an effective solution to this issue by precisely controlling the release of chemical components, and biochar-based slow-release fertilizers, in particular, have attracted increasing attention due to their unique properties. Various methods to enhance fertilizer efficacy have been studied in terms of preparation and application, including co-pyrolysis, impregnation, encapsulation, and granulation, with in-depth analyses of nutrient loading and release mechanisms. In recent years, significant progress has been made in research on biochar-based slow-release fertilizers, covering aspects such as raw material selection, preparation processes, and application effectiveness. These studies have demonstrated that biochar-based slow-release fertilizers can effectively improve nutrient use efficiency and significantly reduce environmental impacts. However, challenges remain in their practical application, and further optimization of preparation processes is necessary to enable the feasibility of large-scale implementation.
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