纤细裸藻对原始和铜掺杂碳点的生理代谢响应

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摘要为明确新型纳米材料碳点的潜在生态风险,探讨了淡水微藻纤细裸藻(Euglena gracilis)在原始碳点(CDs)及Cu-N掺杂碳点(Cu-CDs)暴露下的生理响应及其作用机制.结果表明:碳点对纤细裸藻生长的影响呈现“先促进后抑制”的模式,与CDs相比,Cu-CDs对微藻的光合作用和抗氧化系统影响更为显著.1mg/L和10mg/L的Cu-CDs处理均导致微藻光合色素积累及光反应系统Ⅱ活力下降,而在CDs暴露下,仅10mg/L组的光合色素含量出现显著变化.此外,CDs和Cu-CDs对超氧化物歧化酶活性的最大抑制率分别达到62.52%和78.35%.代谢组学分析进一步证实,Cu-CDs诱导了更强的代谢响应,其中脂质代谢通路差异最为显著,表明细胞膜稳定性受到破坏.氨基酸代谢及光合作用代谢通路的紊乱可能与氧化应激密切相关.CDs和Cu-CDs主要通过丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢途径,以及糖酵解/糖异生途径影响纤细裸藻的能量代谢.因此,光合系统及抗氧化系统的损伤可能是碳点毒性作用的主要机制.

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	马平佳
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关键词 ：碳点, 纤细裸藻, 生理响应, 毒性机制

Abstract：To elucidate the potential ecological risks of carbon dots, a novel nanomaterial, this study investigated the physiological responses and underlying mechanisms of the freshwater microalgae Euglena gracilis following exposure to pristine carbon dots (CDs) and Cu-N-doped carbon dots (Cu-CDs). The results demonstrated that both types of carbon dots initially promoted but subsequently inhibited the growth of E.gracilis over time. Compared to CDs, Cu-CDs exerted a more pronounced impact on key physiological processes, including photosynthesis and antioxidant defense. Exposure to 1mg/L and 10mg/L Cu-CDs resulted in the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments and a decline in photosystem II activity, whereas a significant change in photosynthetic pigment content was observed only at 10mg/L in the CDs-exposed group. The maximum inhibition rates of superoxide dismutase activity induced by CDs and Cu-CDs were 62.52% and 78.35%, respectively. Metabolomics analysis further confirmed that Cu-CDs triggered a stronger metabolic disturbances, with the most notable alterations observed in lipid metabolism pathways, indicating compromised membrane stability of E.gracilis. Disruptions in amino acid and photosynthetic metabolism pathways were primarily attributed to oxidative stress. Additionally, both CDs and Cu-CDs affected energy metabolism by altering in alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, as well as glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways. Overall, the impairment of photosynthetic and antioxidant system may represent the primary toxic mechanisms of carbon dots in E.gracilis.

Key words： carbon dots Euglena gracilis physiological response toxic mechanism

收稿日期: 2024-09-10

PACS:

X52

基金资助:江苏省科技支撑项目(BZ2022006);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41773115,22176094)

作者简介: 马平佳(2000-),女,江苏如皋人,南京大学硕士研究生,研究方向为水生态毒理学.mpjpyq@163.com.

引用本文:

马平佳, 蔡康丽, 王鑫伟, 李梅. 纤细裸藻对原始和铜掺杂碳点的生理代谢响应[J]. 中国环境科学, 2025, 45(5): 2913-2925. MA Ping-jia, CAI Kang-li, WANG Xin-wei, LI Mei. Physiological and metabolic responses of Euglena gracilis to pristine and copper-doped carbon dots. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2025, 45(5): 2913-2925.

链接本文:

http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V45/I5/2913

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