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2010 Vol.30 Issue.2,Published 2010-02-20
145 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in air of Harbin City
MA Wan-Li, LI Yi-Fan, SUN De-Zhi, QI Hong, LIU Li-Yan
Air samples were collected using an improved high volume active air sampler in May 7 to 20, 2008 in Harbin City. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in both gas and particle phases were measured. Total PAHs concentration ranged from 8.1 to 37.2 ng/m3, with an average of 18.2 ng/m3 for all samples. Sources of PAHs were identified by diagnostic ratios of some individual PAHs, which indicated that the dominant source in Harbin was coal combustion. Lower ring PAHs dominated in the gas phase, while the major higher ring PAHs were adsorbed on particle phase. While good correlation was found between gas-particle partition coefficients of PAHs and the respective sub-cooled vapor pressures, non-equilibrium between gas and particle phases was obtained possibly due to the new produced PAHs from coal combustion in winter.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 145-149 [Abstract] ( 254 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 381KB] ( 1578 )
150 Impact of organic acids on rainwater acidification in the background air of the Yangtze River Delta
NIU Yu-Wen, GU Jun-Qiang, YU Xiang-Ming, JIANG He-Rong
：In order to investigate the impact of organic acids on acid rain in the background region of the Yangtze River Delta, 35 rainwater samples were collected during 2008 in the Lin￠an Regional Background Air Station and analyzed for organic acids using ion chromatography. In result, formic, acetic, methanesulfonic, oxalic, malonic, succinic and glutaric acids were detected notably. Formic, acetic and oxalic acids were the most abundant organic acids, and the sum of their concentrations averagely accounted for 89% of the total detected organic acids and 13% of the total anions, respectively. Concentrations of formic and acetic acids, the total organic acids and their fractions in the total anions were much higher than those in the urban areas of Beijing and Shenzhen, which indicated that organic acids influenced more on rainwater acidification in the Yangtze River Delta. In the growing seasons, i.e., spring and summer, concentrations of organic acids were found significantly higher than those in the non-growing seasons, implying vegetation emissions are a potentially important source of organic acids in the rainwater.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 150-154 [Abstract] ( 300 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 292KB] ( 1320 )
155 Analysis of acid rain’s characteristics and variation tendency in Longli experimental plot, Guizhou
LI Wei, LI Jia, HOU Jin-Xiang, GAO Fang
From April 2007 to December 2008, the rainfalls had been collected and measured at Longli experimental plot in Guizhou Province. The acidity and chemical composition of rainwater were analyzed with statistical methods to reveal the characteristics and seasonal tendency of local acid rain. 76.7% of the total capacity of rainwater were acidic with an average pH value of 4.70 and the frequency of acid rain accounted for 70.1% during the study period. Meanwhile, the concentrations of SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, Ca2+ of rainwater were higher in spring with much more occurrences of acid rain. As a conclusion, the wet depositions of sulfur and nitrogen did not exceed the critical loads estimated by the other studies.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 155-160 [Abstract] ( 300 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 356KB] ( 1009 )
161 Performance and intrinsic kinetics of molecular sieves ZSM-5 in NO catalytic oxidation
LI Yu-Fang, LIU Hua-Yan, HUANG Hai-Feng, LU Han-Feng, CHEN Yin-Fei
The oxidation of NO catalyzed by silicon-rich molecular sieves ZSM-5 with strong hydrophobicity at ambient temperature was investigated. The experimental results showed that NO was oxidized to NO2, which adsorbed on ZSM-5 surface and desorbed after saturation. Water vapor concentration in the NOx waste gas did not have significant effect on NO oxidation using ZSM-5, as opposed to that using activated carbon. The steady-state NO conversion in saturated wet gas decreased slightly by 6% compared to that in the dry gas at 303K over ZSM-5 due to its strong hydrophobicity. The intrinsic kinetics of NO oxidation was studied in an isothermal integral fixed-bed reactor, assuming that the effects of internal and external diffusion in the ZSM-5 catalyst pellet were negligible. The X~W/FA0 values and NO partial pressure at different temperatures were measured to evaluate the reaction rates. A simplified exponential kinetic model was established. The NO oxidation kinetic equation was determined by non-linear regression, and it fitted the experimental data well.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 161-166 [Abstract] ( 454 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 473KB] ( 1215 )
167 Degradation efficiency and mechanisms of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane by nanoscale zero valent iron particles
CHANG Chun, ZHU Ling-Yan, ZHU Shu-Zhen
Nanoscale zero valent iron particles (nZVI) were synthesized using liquid phase reduction method. TEM analysis indicated that the size of nZVI was < 20 nm, and clustered in the medium. It displayed high reactivity to decompose γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH). More than 90% of γ-HCH was removed in 90 min with 0.5 g/L of nZVI in the solution. The degradation reaction followed a pseudo-first order kinetic. The reaction rate coefficient and removal efficiency were affected by many factors, such as the amount of nZVI, pH, the initial concentration of γ-HCH and coexisting ions. The reaction rate decreased with increasing initial pH. NO3- greatly inhibited the degradation reaction, but Ca2+, Mg2+ and SO42- had little effect on it. Degradation products such as tetrachlorocyclohexene (TeCCH) and chlorobenzene (CB), were identified by GC/MS. Based on this, the main reaction mechanism was suggested as dehydrochlorination and dichloroelmination.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 167-173 [Abstract] ( 330 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1168KB] ( 889 )
174 Adsorption kinetics of p-nitroaniline onto microporous carbon activation with KOH
LI Kun-Quan, ZHENG Zheng, LUO Xing-Zhang, JIANG Jian-Chun
Low-cost activated carbon was prepared from Spartina alterniflora from a two-step thermo-chemical process by KOH activation. The adsorption equilibrium and kinetic behavior of p-nitroaniline onto the carbon was investigated by conducting a series of batch adsorption experiments, and adsorption mechanism was discussed from kinetic point of view. The pseudo-second-order model was found to explain the adsorption kinetics most effectively. It was also found that the pore diffusion played an important role in the adsorption, and intra-particle diffusion was the rate-limiting step at the first 25 min for the temperatures of 15, 25 and 35℃. The Freundlich isotherm was found to best describe the experimental data. The maximum adsorption capacity of p-nitroaniline was found to be 719 mg/g for initial p-nitroaniline concentration of 200 mg/L at 15℃.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 174-179 [Abstract] ( 297 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 537KB] ( 1895 )
180 Real time control of simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal by aerobic granular sludge
GAO Jing-Feng, CHEN Ran-Ni, SU Kai, ZHANG Qian, PENG Yong-Zhen
In order to achieve real time control of simultaneously nitrogen and phosphorus removal from domestic wastewater by aerobic granular sludge in anaerobic/aerobic SBR, phosphorus shock loading experiments under low temperature and phosphate uptake batch experiments were carried out. The characteristic points of DO, pH value and ORP profiles were parameters for real time control of anoxic denitrification, anaerobic phosphate release, phosphate uptake and nitrification. It is well known that there are three kinds of phosphorus removal bacteria, they can use oxygen, both oxygen and nitrate, as well as all the oxygen, nitrate and nitrite as electron acceptors, respectively. In this work, the ratio of the three kinds of phosphorus removal bacteria to total phosphorus removal population was found to be 14.19%, 74.32% and 11.47%, respectively. Simultaneously nitrification, denitrification, aerobic phosphate uptake and anoxic phosphate uptake could occur in aerobic granular sludge under aerobic condition.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 180-185 [Abstract] ( 310 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 400KB] ( 858 )
186 Fouling mechanism of flat-sheet membrane on the mode of two-stage sequence batch operation
YUAN Xin-Yan, SHEN Heng-Gen, WANG Lin, SUN Lei, LI Shi-Feng
The fouling mechanism of flat-sheet membrane on the mode of two-stage sequence batch operation has been investigated by analysis of surface contaminants and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP) in the sludge. The influences of microorganism metabolism products including EPS and SMP on the membrane fouling were discussed. It was found that the membrane surfaces and inner pores were mainly fouled by spherical and rod-shaped bacteria. Examinations by SEM/EDS revealed that the inorganic contaminants on the membrane surface were composed of Fe、Na、Zr、Rb、Ca, S, C ,P and O. These crystallized salts (sulfates or carbonates) settled onto the membrane surface when the supersaturated solution formed due to polarization effects. The main organic contaminant on the membrane surface was found to be protein. The formation of gel layer due to chemical absorption of protein on the membrane surface resulted in trans-membrane flux reduction significantly.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 186-191 [Abstract] ( 237 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 652KB] ( 972 )
192 Improvement of bioavailability of cobalt and iron by yeast extract in anaerobic system
CHENG Jie, ZUO Jian-E
The improvement of yeast extract on solubility and bioavailability of Co, Fe in mesophilic and psychrophilic anaerobic system were studied. The results indicated that the dosing of yeast extract could significantly increase the solute concentration of Co and Fe in pure water and water with different organic matters, as well as improve their bioavailability in psychrophilic anaerobic system. The dissolved concentration of Co and Fe, especially Fe, increased obviously after yeast extract dosing in water at both 15℃ and 35℃. Wastewater such as brewery wastewater which contains yeast extract contributed to this promotion as well. COD removal efficiency decreased from 91.6% to 58% after removing of yeast extract, Co and Fe in the anaerobic system operated at 15℃. It increased slightly after dosing Co and Fe again, while a remarkable increase (31.6%) appeared when yeast extract was dosed simultaneously, and so does the methane production rate. It is proved that a simultaneous dosing of Co and Fe with yeast extract could improve the performance of psychrophilic anaerobic treatment system.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 192-196 [Abstract] ( 257 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 329KB] ( 902 )
197 Thermochemical liquefaction characteristics of sewage sludge in the sub- and supercritical acetone
HUANG Hua-Jun, YUAN Xing-Zhong, ZENG Guang-Ming, LI Hui, YOU Qiao, ZHOU Ming
Direct thermochemical liquefaction was adopted to convert sewage sludge into bio-oil, and the influences of the temperature, the ratio of sewage sludge to solvent (R1), catalyst and the volume ratio of solvent to reactor (R2) on the characteristics of the liquefaction of sewage sludge were investigated with the sub- and supercritical acetone as the solvent in a 1000mL autoclave. It was shown that the sewage sludge was basically converted at about 300℃, while at higher or lower temperature, the effect of liquefaction was worse. When the temperature was higher than 340℃, the ability of the acetone involving in the reaction obtained enhancement so that the yield of bio-oil was improved as far as 380℃. As other liquefaction conditions were consistent, the liquefaction of sewage sludge could gain a better effect at R1 10/200, R2 20% and adding 5% dosage NaOH as the catalyst. The FTIR (Fourier transformation infrared spectrometer) and GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) analyses indicated that heterocyclic nitrogen compounds, carboxylic acid, ester and ketone were the main components of the bio-oil and amidocyanogen, hydroxyl, alkyl and carbonyl were the main functional groups.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 197-203 [Abstract] ( 299 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 497KB] ( 1062 )
204 Prediction methods of the gas production content in the sludge landfill
ZHU Ying, ZHAO You-Cai, LI Hong-Jiang
In order to utilize the sludge landfill gas effectively, production rate and production content of sludge landfill gas were predicted. The approximate formula of sludge organics for Bailonggang wastewater treatment plant in Shanghai was C28H52O16N4 using the normalized molar methods of elements. The potential of methane production predicted using chemometrics method and IPCC model were 60.6, 61.7kg/t (dry weight), respectively. The production rate of methane predicted using dynamics model method and IPCC model method were 13.3, 11.1kg/(t×a) (dry weight), respectively. The difference for the methane production rate of these two methods lies in the differences for the values of parameters. The methane production content predicted using chemometrics method and methane production rate predicted using dynamics model method was suit to reflect the actual situation. IPCC model was suitable for estimate the gas production content of a region or country as a whole from a macro perspective.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 204-208 [Abstract] ( 297 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 420KB] ( 1275 )
209 Relationships between microbial community structure and the performance of MBR under different dissolved oxygen
GAO Da-Wen, LI Xin-Xin, AN Rui, FU Yuan, REN 南Qi
Microbial community structure and nutrient removal performance under different dissolved oxygen were investigated using Anoxic-oxic submerged membrane bioreactor (A/O-MBR) for municipal wastewater treatment. Results showed that the COD removal was not influenced markedly by the variations in DO between 0.2mg/L and 4.0mg/L, and the COD removal was more than 90% during the whole experiment. However, the ammonia nitrogen removal was more sensitive than COD, and the ammonia nitrogen removal dropped from 99% to 65% when DO decreased to 0.2mg/L. The PCR-DGGE analysis showed that the diversity of total bacterial community was abundant when A/O-MBR was run at high DO (4.0mg/L and 2.0mg/L), and the relationships between the total bacterial community structure and the performance of MBR was not very obvious. On the contrary, the ammonia oxidizing bacterial community composition had a more obvious shift with the variation of DO concentration, and the species of ammonia oxidizing bacteria which play major role were different under different DO conditions, which were corresponded to the removal efficiency. The ammonia oxidizing bacterial community composition were similar under the DO concentration of 2.0mg/L and 0.5mg/L, and the nitrogen renmoval was enhanced.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 209-215 [Abstract] ( 272 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 780KB] ( 1315 )
216 Analysis of bacterial community structure in toluene degradation by a halophilic consortium
JIANG Jing, WANG Hui, ZHANG Li-Hua, MAO Xin-Wei, YAN Hai
A halophilic bacterial consortium that could degrade BTEX (benzene, tolunene, ethybenzene, xylene) at the salinity of 5% was enriched from oil-contaminated saline soil. Bacterial community structure dynamics in toluene degradation by the consortium was analyzed. The consortium could degrade 200 mg/L toluene at the salinity of 5%. PCR-DGGE profiles revealed that with toluene addition, the predominant species shifted from Bacillus sp. and Bacillus aquimaris to Thalassospira xiamenensis, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Virgibacillus sp. as well as Bacillus sp., four of which remained stable during the degradation process and the following 24h when toluene was depleted. In addition, the consortium could degrade phenanthrene, illustrating its versatility in utilizing aromatic hydrocarbons.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 216-221 [Abstract] ( 269 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 432KB] ( 991 )
222 Effects of an algae-lysing bacterium on the growth of Microcystis aeruginos and its identification
JIN Li, LIU Zhao-Pu, ZHAO Geng-Mao, WANG Hui, CHEN Lei
An algae-lysing bacterium strain named J1 was isolated from an eutrophic pond around Huangdao. The lytic efficiency and performing mode of bacterial lysing of Microcystis aeruginosa were studied. Influences of the bacterial culture medium and the growth phases of bacterium and algae on the antialgal effect were also studied, and then the bacterium strain was physiologically and biochemically identified. The results showed that algae growth was relatively stable with adding beef-protein medium without bacterium strain when the volume ratio of medium to algae solution was 6%. However, more than 87% of Microcystis aeruginosa had been removed by 9 days after adding the beef-protein medium with initial bacterium concentration of 6×107 cfu/mL under the same volume ratio. The antialgal efficiency was different to the various growth phages of bacterium and algae. J1 in log growth phase showed the best algae-lysing performance. The removal rate of algae in stable phrase was the lowest under the treatment with J1 in log growth phase. J1 excreted algae-lysing substance to inhibit the algae growth indirectly, and this active inhibitors were heat-stable. According to the morphological and physiological-biochemical characteristics, bacterium J1 was identified as Bacillus.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 222-227 [Abstract] ( 423 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 439KB] ( 2020 )
228 Vertical variation of dissimilatory nitrate reductase activity and nitrate reducer in the sediments of Lake Donghu
LI Xiao-Ping, FANG Tao, AO Hong-Yi, LIU Jian-Tong
Sediment cores in 3 different sites in Lake Donghu were sampled. And the vertical variation of dissimilatory nitrate reductase (dNaR) activity, nitrate reducer populations, as well as the contents of TOC, TN and NO3--N in sediments were determined. The results showed that the activity of dNaR varied with different sites. The highest activity of dNaR occurred at site III where the pollution load was the highest, and the lowest activity occurred at site I with lowest pollution load. However, the vertical variation patterns of dNaR activity in 3 sites were similar: the top layer of 0cm~15cm showed higher activity, then the activity decreased acutely with the increase of depth below the layer of 15cm. As to Nitrate reducer populations, the quantity kept decreasing with the depth in all 3 sites. Furthermore, the results of statistic analysis revealed that the activity of dNaR was positive correlated to the contents of NO3--N and nitrate reducer (P<0.01) populations (P<0.05), but not correlated to the contents of TOC and TN.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 228-232 [Abstract] ( 328 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 346KB] ( 1250 )
233 Efects of BDE-47 on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of two species of marine microalgae
LI Zhuo-Na, MENG Fan-Ping, ZHAO Shun-Shun, YU Teng
Effects of 2, 2′, 4, 4′-tetrabrominated biphenyl ether (BDE-47) on photosynthetic characteristics of two marine microalgae were comprehensively investigated. The results showed that no significant inhibition of maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII(Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching (qP) of Chlorella sp. and Heterosigam akshiwo were determined at the concentration of 0.1~2.5μg/L, which meant that BDE-47 didn′t cause damage to PSII reaction center of the two algae. At the dose of 2.5 μg/L PSII potential fluorescence efficiency (Fv/Fo), actual photochemical efficiency of PSII(φPSII) and electron transport rate (ETR) of Chlorella sp.. were inhibited distinctly after exposed to BDE-47 for 96h. And φPSII, Fv/Fo and ETR of Heterosigam akashiwo, weren′t observed inhibition at the BDE-47 concentration of 2.5 μg/L, which revealed that this microalgae was more tolerant than Chlorella sp.. Among all of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, Fv/Fo, φPSII and ETR are more suitable to be used as biomarkers for evaluation of pollution level of BDE-47 in marine environment.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 233-238 [Abstract] ( 298 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 574KB] ( 1309 )
239 Characteristics of accumulating lead and zinc by diggings plant Pseudostellaria maximowicziana
YE Lin-Chun, ZHANG Qing-Song, JIANG Xiao-Jun, ZHU Xue-Mei, LIN Li-Jin, SHAO Ji-Rong
Effects of Pseudostellaria maximowicziana accumulating Pb and Zn were studied. Pot plant experiment was carried out in the sand growth incubator. Both the biomass of Pseudostellaria maximowicziana in the roots and the shoots and the ratio of root to shoot (W/W) had increased, also the Pb contents of Pseudostellaria maximowicziana and the Zn contents increased as well with increasing of concentrations of Pb and Zn in nutrient solution. The highest Pb contents in the roots and the shoots of Pseudostellaria maximowicziana were 1386.08mg/kg and 1197.93mg/kg respectively, and the Zn contents were 9250.50mg/kg and 8243.15mg/kg respectively. Both Pb and Zn translocation coefficients of Pseudostellaria maximowicziana were less than 1, but both the Pb and Zn enrichment coefficients in roots and shoots of Pseudostellaria maximowicziana were more than 1. The partial correlation analysis indicated that the absorbing of Pb and Zn in roots and shoots of Pseudostellaria maximowicziana could have a synergistic or additive effect.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 239-245 [Abstract] ( 243 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 401KB] ( 914 )
246 Heavy metal removal in reclaimed tidal flat soil from the Pearl River estuary by immersion in saline water
CUI Zhi-Hong, LI Qu-Sheng, TAN Xiao-Qi, TONG Ze-Jun, CHEN Xiao-Jiao
An experiment was conducted to remove heavy metals in reclaimed tidal flat soil from the Pearl River estuary by immersion in NaCl solution. The effects of immersion durations and NaCl concentrations on the removal of six heavy metals were examined. The chemical forms of heavy metals in soil before and after immersion were also determined. Removal rate of heavy metals was the maximum at 60d or NaCl 16g/L immersion, being 30.3% for Cd, 9.4% for Pb, 8.0% for Cu, 22.0% for Zn, 12.6% for Cr and 9.9% for Ni, and 41.9% for Cd, 9.3% for Pb, 6.3% for Cu, 19.9% for Zn, 14.8% for Cr and 16.8% for Ni, respectively. Speciation changes of heavy metals in the treated soil indicated that NaCl was effective in removing the exchangeable, carbonate and oxide forms of heavy metals, but ineffective for their organic and residual forms.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 246-250 [Abstract] ( 245 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 448KB] ( 792 )
251 Effect of bioturbation by worms on the transport of Pb and Cd between sediments and waters
LU Yong-Zheng, YAN Bai-Xing
Effects of bioturbation by worms on the transport of Pb and Cd in the sediments sampled from the upstream of Songhua River were studied by the simulated testing, and the contents of Pb, Cd in worms were analyzed too. The results showed that bioturbation to sediment suspension would promote the release of Pb and Cd on the sediments. Pb and Cd derived from sediments were adsorbed on the suspending particalates, but not enriched in the worms. The contents of Pb in worms were markedly increased with exposure time when Pb was added into overlying water, mainly ascribed to the metabolic way of worms. Higher concentrations of Pb were oberserved only on the surface of sediments in the treatment without worms but in different depths with worms. Bioturbation not only increased significantly concentrations of Pb and Cd in waters, but promoted the diffusion from overlying waters to deeper parts of sediments.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 251-255 [Abstract] ( 265 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 394KB] ( 837 )
256 Influence of physical amelioration on the characteristic of sediments and pore waters in Lake Nansi Wetland
GU Xiao-Zhi, WANG Qiang, ZHANG Lei, SHEN Qiu-Shi, WANG Zhao-De, FAN Cheng-Xin
Investigation was carried out to evaluate the impact of physical amelioration treatments (fine sand covered and sediment loosened) on the sediments and pore water in Lake Nansi wetland in China. Oxygen micropro?les near sediment-water interface and the vertical distribution of pore-water nutrients (PO43-, NH4+, NO3- and NO2-) in the uppermost sediment were determined. The treatments could effectively improve sediment physical structure (i.e. water content, porosity et al.) and oxygen depth-distribution. The oxic zone thickness at sediment-overlying water interface was significantly widened in fine sand covered and loosened sediments treatments compared with those in-situ sediments treatment(P <0.05), and the oxygen furthermost penetrations were determined in fine-sand covered treatment. The NH4+ and PO43- distribution in the vertical profile exhibited a nearly exponential increase and a NO3- decrease with depth in 10 cm surface sediment, indicating an approximate constant concentration below 10 cm depth. Otherwise, dissolved oxygen sharply deceased with depth at the water-sediment surface and arrived near zero mg/L at the 4 mm depth. All treatments could decrease PO43- concentration in pore water, and the lowest interstitial PO43- concentration was found in slightly loosened sediment treatments (P <0.05). Also, NH4Cl-extractable PO43- and bicarbonate dithionite (BD)-extractable PO43- contents increased significantly in slightly loosened sediment treatment, especially in surface.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 256-262 [Abstract] ( 295 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 711KB] ( 1018 )
263 Comparison of the biotoxicity of organic compounds in source and tap water from the Yangtze and Han River
DONG Xiao-Rong, YANG Xiao-Ming, LU Yi, MA Kun-Peng, BAO Jie, ZHANG Hao-Tian, TANG Fei
The nonvolatile organic compounds (NVOCs) in samples of the source water and tap water from the Yangtze and Han River in Wuhan were absorbed by XAD-2 resin and eluted sequentially with dichloromethane followed by acetone. After evaporation to dryness, the mutagenic and estrogenic activity of the extracts were detected and compared by Ames test and YES. The results showed in normal flow period in 2008, the NVOCs of finished water of Yangtze River was negative to TA98 with S9. The other water samples were positive whether with or without S9. In high flow period, each water sample were positive to TA98 with or without S9 except the source water of Yangtze River. In low flow period, only the finished water and the terminal tap water of Yangtze River were positive to TA98 without S9. Each water sample from different hydroperiods was negative to TA100 with or without S9. Both the NVOCs in source water of the Yangtze River and the Han River showed the estrogenic activity in normal flow period and the estrogenic activity of Yangtze River was higher than Han River. No water sample showed estrogenic activity in high flow period while in low flow period only source water of Yangtze River presented the estrogenic activity. The mutagenicity of the tap water was higher than that of source water in Yangtze and Han River. The Ames results showed that the mutagenicity of Han River was higher than that of Yangtze River and the NVOCs mainly contained frameshift mutagens. The estrogenic activity of NVOCs was only found in some source water and it became negative after treated by the routine process of water works.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 263-268 [Abstract] ( 324 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 422KB] ( 1019 )
269 Alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE) based study on DNA damage of Gobiocypris rarus induced by pentachlorophenol
MA Yong-Peng, WANG Yan, ZHU Xiang-Wei, LIU Shu-Shen, LIU Yan
By using the alkaline single cell gel-electrophoresis (SCGE), the DNA damage in blood cells and liver cells of Gobiocypris rarus caused by pentachlorophenol at different exposure time (1day, 4days, 7days) with different concentration of pentachlorophenol (40, 100, 160μg/L) was evaluated. Tail DNA percentage (%DNAT) and tail length (TL) of the three tested groups were significantly different from the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the damage intensity of treated groups increased gradually with respect to the increasing of pentachlorophenol. The concentration-effect relationship was significant for the correlation coeffiencient was graeter than 0.926. Under the same concentration, the % DNAT and TL increased gradually with the time of exposure. The time-effect relationship was also significant. This study recommended that it could be a sensitive monitor of aquatic pollution to use the SCGE to detect the DNA damage in fish blood cells and liver cells. It showed that this assay could be applied in the assessment of water pollution and aquatic mutagens.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 269-274 [Abstract] ( 254 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 624KB] ( 1123 )
275 Application of two assays for damage assessment of damage caused by drinking water disinfection by-products in HepG2 cells
ZHANG Shao-Hui, CHEN Zhao, LIAO Jing, WEI Wei, LIU Ai-Lin, LU Wen-Qing
Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs) in HepG2 cells was to evaluate using crystal violet-colorimetric assay and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus test, and the feasibility of introducing these assays into evaluation system for drinking water safty was explored. HepG2 cells were treated with five DBPs which were chosen based on their genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. The descending rank order in cytotoxicity was 3- chloro -4 - (dichloromethyl) -5 hydroxy -2 (5 H) – furanone (MX) > dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) > dibromoacetic acid (DBA) > dichloroacetic acid ( DCA ) > trichloroacetic acid (TCA), with a value of cytotoxic potency (% C ? values) ranged from 89.74 (MX) to 9335.38 (TCA) μmol/L. Micronuclei occurring frequency significantly increased in HepG2 cells treated with five DBPs. The rank order of their genotoxicity among the five DBPs was the same as that of their cytotoxicity. The results indicated that these two assays are feasible for assessing the drinking water safety.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 275-278 [Abstract] ( 280 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 292KB] ( 927 )
279 Ecological radiation model research in human settlement ecological environment assessment: a case study of Longgang District of Shenzhen City
JIE Yu-Feng, LI De-Bo, MA Xiao-Ming, ZHANG Shu-Hai
The concept of ecological radiation was proposed first time in this study for ecological environmental assessment of human settlement. The GIS technology was used to develop the ecological radiation model (ERM). The urban land was classified into two categories in ERM, including ecological land and construction land. The construction land was viewed as human settlement in the current study. The ecological radiation extension of each land depends on its size and type and the land type was treated as weights in the model. According to the ecological urban construction theory and practical application examples, the ecological land with various sizes has different extension of ecological service, which is represented as radius in ERM. The Longgang District of Shenzhen City was taken as a case study to demonstrate the application of the proposed model. The ERM results showed that the developed model could reflect the effects of ecological land patterns to human settlement and, thereby, provides a new method for ecological environmental assessment of human settlement.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 279-283 [Abstract] ( 279 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 476KB] ( 1336 )
284 Evaluation of value of statistical life in health costs attributable to air pollution
ZENG Xian-Gang, JIANG Yan
Value of statistical life(VSL) in health costs attributable to China’s air pollution was measured by contingent valuation method (CVM), and its influencing factors were analyzed. The value of statistical life in health costs attributable to China’s air pollution was about 1 million yuan/year. Through interval linear regression model analysis, it was found that the age, education level, annual per capita income, health status and family size were extremely closely correlated with the value of statistical life, but the city variable wasn’t closely correlated with the value of statistical life.
2010 Vol. 30 (2): 284-288 [Abstract] ( 387 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 405KB] ( 2743 )
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