Partial pressure of CO2 and CO2 outgassing fluxes of Sancha River
QIAN Juan-ting1, WU Qi-xin1, AN Yan-ling1, HOU Yi-liang1, HAN Gui-lin2, TU Cheng-long3
1. Key Laboratory of Karst Environment and Geohazard Prevention, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550003, China;
2. School of Scientific Research, China University Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China;
3. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang 550002, China
In order to understand the distributions and influences pCO2 of in medium and small karstic rivers, the Sancha River was investigated in February and August 2014. The temperature, EC, DO, pH and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) of the river were measured and the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) was calculated. The results showed that EC、pH、TDS and DIC in dry season were higher than that in wet season. The in the surface water ranged between 300 and 10000μatm, with an average value of 3100μatm. The pCO2 values in the wet season were higher than that in dry season. The analyses of supersaturated CO2 and apparent oxygen utilization demonstrated that pCO2 was controlled by the carbonate system in the dry season. The in-situ aerobic respiration was one of the significantin fluencing factors in the wet season, and the supersaturated CO2 may attribute to the flushing of carbon dioxide from soils. The CO2 emission flux from Sancha River to atmosphere was estimated about 0.9~1.7×109molC/a and 10.8~20.3MgC/(hm2·a). The water-to-air CO2 outgassing flux from Sanchahe River was higher than that from large rivers (i.e. Amazon River、Yangtze River) and lower than that from streams (i.e. Houzhai River、Gäddtjärn River). The results indicated that the CO2 emission fluxes from surface water systems are influenced by the scale of rivers, and the contribution to the regional carbon cycling brought by the medium and small river may be underestimated for a long time.
钱娟婷, 吴起鑫, 安艳玲, 侯祎亮, 韩贵琳, 涂成龙. 三岔河pCO2特征及水-气界面通量分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017, 37(6): 2263-2269.
QIAN Juan-ting, WU Qi-xin, AN Yan-ling, HOU Yi-liang, HAN Gui-lin, TU Cheng-long. Partial pressure of CO2 and CO2 outgassing fluxes of Sancha River. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2017, 37(6): 2263-2269.
Indermühle A, Stocker T F, Joos F, et al. Holocene carbon-cycle dynamics based on CO2 trapped in ice at Taylor Dome, Antarctica[J]. Revista De La Facultad De Medicina Universidad Nacional De Colombia, 1955,23(8):438-470.
[2]
US NOAA/ESRL. Trends in atmospheric carbon dioxide[EB/OL]. http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/.
[3]
Raymond P A, Hartmann J, Lauerwald R, et al. Global carbon dioxide emissions from inland waters[J]. Nature, 2013,503(7476):355-359.
[4]
Field C B, Raupach M R, Field C B, et al. The Global Carbon Cycle:Integrating Humans, Climate, and the Natural World[J]. Global Carbon Cycle Integrating Humans Climate & the Natural World, 2004,62(6):2389-2390.
Richey J E, Melack J M, Aufdenkampe A K, et al. Outgassing from Amazonian rivers and wetlands as a large tropical source of atmospheric CO2[J]. Nature, 2002,416(6881):617-20.
[8]
Telmer K, Veizer J. Carbon fluxes, pCO2 and substrate weathering in a large northern river basin, Canada:carbon isotope perspectives[J]. Chemical Geology, 1999,159(1-4):61-86.
Yao G Y, Gao Q, Wang Z, et al. Dynamics of CO2 partial pressure and CO2 outgassing in the lower reaches of the Xijiang River,a subtropical monsoon river in China[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2007,376(1-3):255-266.
Marcus W, shi B I, Ouml, et al. Temporal and spatial variability of dissolved inorganic carbon in a boreal stream network:Concentrations and downstream fluxes[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences, 2010,115(G02014):384-397.
[13]
Das A, Krishnaswami S, Bhattacharya S K. Carbon isotope ratio of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in rivers draining the Deccan Traps, India:Sources of DIC and their magnitudes[J]. Earth & Planetary Science Letters, 2005,236(1):419-429.
[14]
Dreybrodt W. Processes in karst systems:physics, chemistry, and geology[M]. Springer-Verlag, 1988:13-30.
Richey J E, Devol A H, Wofsy S C, et al. Biogenic gases and the oxidation and reduction of carbon in Amazon River and floodplain waters[J]. Limnology & Oceanography, 1988,33(4):551-561.
[18]
Zhai W D, Dai M H, Cai W J, et al. High partial pressure of CO2 and its maintaining mechanism in a subtropical estuary:The Pearl Riverestuary, China[J]. Marine Chemistry, 2005,93(1):21-32.
Guo J H, Liu X J, Zhang Y, et al. Significant Acidification in Major Chinese Croplands[J]. Science, 2010,327(5968):1008-10.
[22]
Wang S, Yeager K M, Wan G, et al. Carbon export and fate in carbonate catchments:A case study in the karst plateau of southwestern China[J]. Applied Geochemistry, 27(1):64-72.
[23]
Aufdenkampe A K, Mayorga E, Raymond P A, et al. Riverine coupling of biogeochemical cycles between land, oceans, and atmosphere[J]. Frontiers in Ecology & the Environment, 2011, 9(1):53-60.
[24]
Butman D, Raymond P A. Significant efflux of carbon dioxide from streams and rivers in the United States[J]. Nature Geoscience, 2011,4(4):839-842.
[25]
Cai W J, Wang Y. The chemistry, fluxes, and sources of carbon dioxide in the estuarine waters of the Satilla and Altamaha Rivers, Georgia[J]. Limnology & Oceanography, 1998,43(4):657-668.
[26]
Cole J J, Caraco N F, G W Kling, et al. Carbon dioxide supersaturation in the surface waters of lakes[J]. Science, 1994,265(5178):1568-70.
[27]
Kling G W, Kipphut G W, Miller M C. Arctic lakes and streams as gas conduits to the atmosphere:implications for tundra carbon budgets[J]. Science, 1991,251(4991):298-301.
[28]
Roehm L C, Prairie Y T, Del G P A. The pCO2 dynamics in lakes in the boreal region of northern Québec, Canada[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2009,23(3).
[29]
Wang S, Yeager K M, Wan G, et al. Dynamics of CO2 in a karst catchment in the southwestern plateau, China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2015,73(5):2415-2427.
[30]
Chen C T, Lin C M, Huang B T, et al. Stoichiometry of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen in the particulate matter of the western North Pacific marginal seas[J]. Marine Chemistry, 1996,54(1/2):179-190.
[31]
Hedges J I, Baldock J A, Gélinas Y, et al. The biochemical and elemental compositions of marine plankton:A NMR perspective[J]. Marine Chemistry, 2002,78(1):47-63.
[32]
An Y L, Hou Y L, Wu Q X, et al. Chemical weathering and CO2 consumption of a high-erosion-rate karstic river:a case study of the Sanchahe River, southwest China[J]. Chinese Journal of Geochemistry, 2015,34(4):601-609.
Zhai W, Dai M, Guo X. Carbonate system and CO2 degassing fluxes in the inner estuary of Changjiang (Yangtze) River, China[J]. Marine Chemistry, 2007,107(3):342-356.
[40]
Striegl R G, Dornblaser M, McDonald C, et al. Carbon dioxide and methane emissions from the Yukon River system[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2012,26(4):GB0E05.
[41]
Koprivnjak J-F, Dillon P J, Molot L A. Importance of CO2 eavsion from small boreal streams[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2010,24(4):5613-5618.
[42]
Wallin M B, Grabs T, Buffam I, et al. Evasion of CO2 from streams-The dominant component of the carbon export through the aquatic conduit in a boreal landscape[J]. Global change biology, 2013,19(3):785-797.
[43]
Li S L, Liu C Q, Li J, et al. Geochemistry of dissolved inorganic carbon and carbonate weathering in a small typical karstic catchment of Southwest China:Isotopic and chemical constraints[J]. Chemical Geology, 2010,277(3/4):301-309.
[44]
Kokic J, Wallin M B, Chmiel H E, et al. Carbon dioxide evasion from headwater systems strongly contributes to the total export of carbon from a small boreal lake catchment[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Biogeosciences, 2015,120(1):13-28.