Pollution characteristics and source track of fecal microorganism in the rivers across Chongqing city
ZHANG Lin-jie1,2, WANG Gan-gan2, ZHANG Li-lan1,2, RUAN Xue-yin2, ZHOU Shao-hong2, ZHANG Dai-jun1, ZHAO Lin2, WANG Peng-fei2
1. State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; 2. Department of Environment Science, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing university, Chongqing 400044, China
Abstract:In this study, 13 water samples were collected from the main stem rivers in Chongqing city. The numbers of total bacteria, Streptococcus faecalis, enterococci, Bacteroides fragillis, total coliforms and Fecal coliforms were counted using traditional culturing techniques. The bacteroides were selected as specific indicator bacteria to identify the specific fecal pollution sources by using human-specific bacteroides maker (HF183) and pig-specific bacteroides maker (Pig-2-Bac). The results showed that 15.4% of the main stem river reaches in Chongqing did not reach category Ⅲ water quality in spring, and 61.5% did not reach category Ⅲ water quality in autumn. In spring, the rivers in the main urban areas were mainly polluted by human excrement, and those in the rural areas were mainly polluted by animal manure. In autumn, the main stem river reaches and the rivers in the rural areaswere polluted by human excrement. Pearson correlation analysis of indicator microorganisms showed that there were strong correlation between any two indicator of fecal streptococcus, fecal coliform and enterococci, and there was a significant correlation between enterococci and Bacteroides fragilis. The verification tests showed that pig source-specific biomarkers, pig-2-bac and human-specific markers, HF183, showed good specificity to pig manure and human feces samples, respectively. Using these two specific biomarkers to amplify DNA in water samples, it was found that in the spring all the 13 sampling sites were not contaminated by pig feces; four samples including Tangjiatuo, Chaotianmen, Jiguanshi and Hechuan were polluted by human feces.
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