岩溶流域地表水和地下水硝酸盐来源定量识别

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摘要

选取岩溶地区花溪河流域典型农业区为研究对象，运用δ¹⁵N-NO₃^-，δ¹⁸O-NO₃^-和δ¹⁸O-H₂O同位素示踪技术和水化学分析方法，阐明了研究区地表水和地下水中硝酸盐的分布特征，并揭示其来源和形成过程，基于R语言下运行的贝叶斯模型（stable isotope analysis in R），对研究区水体中各种硝酸盐来源的贡献比例进行了定量识别.结果显示：受碳酸岩盐风化的控制，流域内地表水和地下水的水化学类型以HCO₃-Ca型为主，硝酸盐在研究区水体中的空间分布特征受土地利用类型影响明显；在研究区水体硝酸盐形成过程中，硝化作用起主导作用，水体中的硝酸盐来源主要有化肥、降雨中的氨盐、土壤有机氮、粪便和污水，与地表水相比，地下水中硝酸盐受粪便和污水的影响较大；基于SIAR源解析模型分析，大气沉降、化肥、土壤有机氮和粪便污水对研究区地表水硝酸盐的贡献比例分别为3.97%、26.87%、36.80%和32.37%，对地下水硝酸盐的贡献比例分别为2.83%、13.96%、21.03%和62.18%.

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关键词 ：多环境同位素, 硝酸盐, 源解析, 岩溶流域, SIAR

Abstract：

In this study, the typical agricultural area of Huaxi river basin in Guiyang city was selected as the research object. The distribution characteristics, the source and forming process of nitrate in surface and ground water were revealed by the isotopes (δ¹⁵N-NO₃^-, δ¹⁸O-NO₃^- and δ¹⁸O-H₂O) and hydrochemical analysis. Meanwhile, according to the SIAR (stable isotope analysis in R) model, the contribution rates of different nitrate sources in surface and groundwater were also identified quantitatively. The results showed that:(1) The HCO₃-Ca type was main hydrochemical types controlled by the weathering of carbonatite, and the spatial distribution characteristics of nitrate in the water were significantly affected by land use type; (2) The nitrification played a leading role in the formation of nitrate in the water, and Nitrate in the water mainly came from fertilizers, ammonia salt in rainfall, soil organic nitrogen, feces and sewage. Compared with surface water, nitrate in groundwater was more affected by feces and sewage; (3) Based on the SIAR model, the contribution rates of precipitation, fertilizer, soil organic nitrogen, and manure/sewage were 3.97%, 26.87%, 36.80% and 32.37% to nitrate in surface water and 2.83%, 13.96%, 21.03% and 62.18% to nitrate in groundwater, respectively.

Key words： multi-environmental isotopes nitrate source analysis karst basin SIAR

收稿日期: 2019-10-08

PACS:

X523

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金资助项目（41501018，41763019）；贵州大学引进人才科研项目（贵大人基合字[2014]51号）；自然资源部、广西壮族自治区岩溶动力学重点实验室开放课题（KDL201401）；贵州省国内一流学科建设项目（GNYL[2017]007）；贵州省人才基地项目（RCJD2018-21）

通讯作者: 韩志伟,副教授,zwhan@gzu.edu.cn E-mail: zwhan@gzu.edu.cn

作者简介: 赵然(1996-),女,贵州毕节人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为流域水环境.发表论文1篇.

引用本文:

赵然, 韩志伟, 田永著, 李耕, 曾祥颖, 何守阳. 岩溶流域地表水和地下水硝酸盐来源定量识别[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020, 40(4): 1706-1714. ZHAO Ran, HAN Zhi-wei, TIAN Yong-zhu, LI Geng, ZENG Xiang-ying, HE Shou-yang. Quantitative identification of nitrate source of surface water and groundwater in karst basin. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2020, 40(4): 1706-1714.

链接本文:

http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2020/V40/I4/1706

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