This paper studied the effect of air pollution on the number of hospital visits made by children of different gender and age due to respiratory diseases in Lanzhou, as well as its seasonal variation. By collecting data on the concentration of air pollutants, i.e., PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3 8h, as well as the corresponding meteorological data and the outpatient data of visits made by children due to respiratory diseases at 3first-class grade three hospitals in Lanzhou between 2013 to 2017, the relationship between air pollutant concentration and daily outpatient visits made by children due to respiratory diseases and its lagging effect were analyzed using generalized additive model (GAM) to constrain the day of week effect, meteorological factors, holiday effect, and other confounding factors. During the research period, the average daily outpatient visits made by children due to respiratory diseases at 3first-class grade-three hospitals in Lanzhou was 387 person-times, ranging from 1 to 1413 person-times. According to the results of the single-pollutant model, the effects of PM2.5, NO2, SO2, and CO all peaked on lag01; for every 10μg/m3 (1mg/m3 for CO) increase in their concentration, the excess risk (ER) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of visits of children for respiratory diseases were 0.245% (95%CI:0.127%~0.363%), 0.568% (95%CI:0.327%~0.808%), 1.661% (95%CI:1.022%~2.302%), and 2.245% (95%CI:1.610%~2.883%) respectively. The effects of PM10 and O3 8h had no statistical significance across the lag phase. Analysis of different gender, age, and season indicated that, PM2.5 has a slightly stronger effect on girls than on boys, whereas the reverse applied in terms of the effects of NO2, SO2, and CO; PM2.5, NO2, and CO affected children aged 6~14more significantly than those aged 0~5, and the reverse was true for the effect of SO2; the effects of PM2.5, NO2, SO2, and CO on outpatient visits were only significant in winter, and the effects of PM10 and O3 8h were insignificant in all seasons. According to the results of the two-pollutant model, after adjusting 5 other types of pollutants respectively, PM10 and O3 8h had no significant effect on the increase in outpatient visits of children for respiratory diseases; after adjusting PM10 and O3 8h, all other pollutants had a significant effect on the increase in outpatient visits for respiratory diseases. Hence, it can be concluded that air pollutants (PM2.5, NO2, SO2, and CO) in Lanzhou share a close relationship with the number of outpatient visits due to respiratory diseases, and that increments in SO2 and CO concentrations are more likely to increase the risk of respiratory diseases in children. Moreover, gender, age, and season can influence the relationship between air pollutants and the number of outpatient visits due to respiratory diseases.
史亚妮, 董继元, 刘玉荣. 兰州市空气污染对儿童呼吸疾病的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020, 40(4): 1792-1799.
SHI Ya-ni, DONG Ji-yuan, LIU Yu-rong. Study on the effect of air pollution on respiratory diseases among children in Lanzhou. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2020, 40(4): 1792-1799.
梁志江,马远珠,缪华章,等.广州地区空气污染对儿童呼吸系统疾病就诊人次的影响研究[J]. 环境与健康杂志, 2015,32(6):481-484. Liang Z J, Ma Y Z, Miao H Z, et al. Effect of air pollution on outpatient visits of respiratory diseases among children in Guangzhou[J]. Journal of Environment And Health, 2015,32(6):481-484.
[2]
刘卫艳,程庆林,张磊,等.杭州市大气污染物对儿童呼吸系统疾病影响研究[J]. 中国预防医学杂志, 2017,18(1):6-10. Liu W Y, Cheng Q L, Zhang L, et al. The influence of air pollutants on respiratory disease of children in Hangzhou[J]. Chinese Preventive Medicine, 2017,18(1):6-10.
[3]
金宇星,周海霞,章剑,等.江阴市大气污染程度与儿科呼吸系统疾病日门诊量的相关分析[J]. 世界最新医学信息文摘, 2017,17(A1):167-168. Jin Y X, Zhou H X, Zhang J, et al. Correlation analysis between air pollution level and daily outpatient volume of pediatric respiratory diseases in Jiangyin[J]. World Latest Medicine Information, 2017, 17(A1):167-168.
[4]
张芳源.石家庄市大气污染对儿童呼吸系统疾病门诊量影响的时间序列分析[D]. 石家庄:华北理工大学, 2017. Zhang F Y. Time series analysis between air pollution and the number of outpatient about childhood respiratory disorders of a children's hospital in Shijiazhuang[D]. Shijiazhuang:North China University of Science and Technology, 2017.
[5]
Liu Y W, Xie S G, Yu Q, et al. Short-term effects of ambient air pollution on pediatric outpatient visits for respiratory diseases in Yichangcity, China[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2017,227:116-124.
[6]
Song J, Lu M X, Zheng L H, et al. Acute effects of ambient airpollution on outpatient children with respiratory diseases in Shijiazhuang, China[J]. BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 2018,18(1):150-160.
[7]
张媛媛,刘宗伟,李文龙,等.2016年潍坊市空气污染对儿童呼吸系统疾病门诊量的影响[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2018,35(1):24-28. Zhang Y Y, Liu Z W, Li W L, et al. Effects of air pollution on outpatient visits of respiratory diseases among children in Weifang in 2016[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2018, 35(1):24-28.
[8]
张美,茹凉,赵珍珍,等.大气污染物浓度与医院儿童呼吸系统常见疾病日门急诊就诊人次数的相关研究[J]. 新疆医学, 2018,48(7):764-766. Zhang M, Ru L, Zhao Z Z, et al. Correlation study between the concentration of air pollution and the number of patients in outpatient and emergency department of common respiratory diseases of children in hospital[J]. Xinjiang Medical Journal, 2018,48(7):764-766.
[9]
刘准,陈丹,霍细香,等.武汉市大气污染物水平与儿童呼吸道疾病门诊量的滞后效应分析[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2018,35(2):124-130. Liu Z, Chen D, Huo X X et al. Lag effects of air pollutant levels on pediatric respiratory disease outpatient visits in Wuhan[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2018,35(2):124-130.
[10]
张经纬,冯利红,侯常春,等.天津市大气污染对儿童呼吸系统疾病影响的病例交叉研究[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2019,23(5):545-549. Zhang J W, Feng L H, Hou C C, et al. The impact of air pollution on children's respiratory diseases in Tianjin:a case-over study[J]. Chinese Journal of Disease Control and Prevention, 2019,23(5):545-549.
[11]
陶燕,羊德容,兰岚,等.兰州市空气污染对呼吸系统疾病入院人数的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2013,33(1):175-180. Tao Y, Yang D R, Lan L, et al. Relationship between air pollutant and respiratory diseases hospitalization in Lanzhou[J]. China Environmental Science, 2013,33(1):175-180.
[12]
张莹,邵毅,王式功,等.北京市空气污染物对呼吸系统疾病门诊人数的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2014,34(9):2401-2407. Zhang Y, Shao Y, Wang S G, et al. Relationship between air pollutant and respiratory diseases hospital outpatient visits in Beijing[J]. China Environmental Science, 2014,34(9):2401-2407.
[13]
乐满,王式功,谢佳君,等.环境条件对遵义市呼吸系统疾病的影响及预测研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2018,38(11):4334-4347. Le M, Wang S G, Xie J J, et al. Study about the impact of environmental conditions on respiratory diseases and prediction in Zunyi City[J]. China Environmental Science, 2018,38(11):4334-43467.
[14]
GB 3095-2012环境空气质量标准[S]. GB 3095-2012 Ambient air quality standard[S].
[15]
Phosri Arthit, Ueda Kayo, Phung Vera Ling Hui, et al. Effects of ambient air pollution on daily hospital admissions for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in Bangkok, Thailand[J]. The Science of the total environment, 2019,651(Pt 1).
[16]
Özkan Çapraz, Ali Deniz, Nida Do?an. Effects of air pollution on respiratory hospital admissions in ?stanbul, Turkey, 2013 to 2015[J]. Chemosphere, 2017,181:544-550.
[17]
李宁,张本延,彭晓武.大气污染与儿科呼吸系统疾病住院人数关系[J]. 中国公共卫生, 2009,25(12):1504-1505. Li N, Zhang B Y, Peng X W. Relationship between air pollution and hospitalization of children respiratory disease in Shenzhen city[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2009,25(12):1504-1505.
[18]
朱丽.合肥市大气污染与某医院儿科呼吸系统疾病门诊量的时间序列分析[D]. 合肥:安徽医科大学, 2015. Zhu L. Time series analysis on association between air pollution and outpatient visits for respiratory diseases of pediatrics in a hospital in Hefei[D]. Hefei:Anhui Medical University, 2015.
[19]
Granados-Canal D J, Chardon B, Lefranc A, et al. Air pollution and respiratory hospital admissions in greater Paris:exploring sex differences[J]. Archives of Environmental and Occupational Health, 2005,60(6):307-313.
[20]
朱悦,杨小南,李宇斌.沈阳市某地区大气污染与儿童呼吸系统疾病门诊人次的关系[J]. 环境与健康杂志, 2008,25(7):575-578. Zhu Y, Yang X N, Li Y B. Relationship between air pollution and children respiratory diseases in a certain area in Shenyang[J]. Journal of Environment And Health, 2008,25(7):575-578.
[21]
赵宝新.太原市PM10与SO2空气污染对儿童肺功能的影响[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2003,20(3):203-206. Zhao B X. Study on the effect of PM10 and SO2 air pollution on Children's pulmonary function in Taiyuan city, China[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2003,20(3):203-206.
[22]
王艳,张宜升,李欣鹏.济南城区空气污染对呼吸道疾病门诊量的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2008,28(6):571-576. Wang Y, Zhang Y S, Li X P. The effect of air pollution on hospital visits for respiratory symptoms in urban areas of Jinan[J]. China Environmental Science, 2008,28(6):571-576.
[23]
Clougherty J E. A growing role for gender analysis in air pollution epidemiology[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2009,118(2):167-176.
[24]
Tao Y, An X Q, Sun Z B, et al. Association between dust weather and number of admissions for patients with respiratory diseases in spring in Lanzhou[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2012,423:8-11.
[25]
Ma Y X, Xiao B S, Liu C, et al. Association between ambient air pollution and emergency room visits for respiratory diseases in spring dust storm season in Lanzhou, China[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2016,13(6):613.