黄海近岸大气降水中磷溶解度及其影响因素

王志文; 郭浩; 谷涵; 孔毅; 高会旺; 姚小红; 石金辉

PDF(695 KB)

中国环境科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (11) : 5060-5068.

大气污染与控制

黄海近岸大气降水中磷溶解度及其影响因素

王志文¹, 郭浩¹, 谷涵¹, 孔毅¹, 高会旺^1,2, 姚小红^1,2, 石金辉^1,2

作者信息 +

Solubility of phosphorus in rainwater collected in the coastal area of the Yellow sea and influencing factors

WANG Zhi-wen¹, GUO Hao¹, GU Han¹, KONG Yi¹, GAO Hui-wang^1,2, YAO Xiao-hong^1,2, SHI Jin-hui^1,2

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

于2020年6~9月在黄海近岸城市青岛采集31场降水69个样品，分析其中总磷（TP）、溶解态总磷（DTP）及溶解态无机磷（DIP）和有机磷（DOP），探讨P浓度和溶解度的变化特征及其影响因素.降水中TP浓度为（6.2±1.0）μg/L，DTP浓度为（3.8±0.6）μg/L，P溶解度为（64.8±18.0）%.DTP中以DIP为主，其贡献为（56.5±21.6）%.降水中TP和DTP与降水量呈负幂指数关系，TP清除指数大于DTP.降水量<10mm时，降水对气溶胶P的清除和稀释作用显著影响降水中P浓度，但降水量>40mm时，这种作用对P浓度的影响不大.降水对气溶胶P的清除作用以云下清除为主，占总清除效率的70%~85%.酸化作用显著促进降水中颗粒态P溶解，且无机P溶解效率高于有机P.对降雨量<5mm及>30mm降水，pH值是影响P溶解度的主要因素，降水量和气团来源对P溶解度也有一定影响.当pH值相近时，降水量越大，P溶解度越高；当pH值相近且降水量<5mm时，海洋源贡献越大，P溶解度越高.对降水量5~30mm的降水，P溶解度受到降水量、pH值及气团来源等因素的共同影响.

Abstract

69 rainwater samples were collected in Qingdao during 31precipitation events from Jun. to Sep. 2020. Total phosphorus (TP), dissolved total phosphorus (DTP), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) and dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) were characterized in terms of concentrations, solubility and influencing factors. The averaged concentrations of TP and DTP in rainwater were (6.2±1.0)μg/L and (3.8±0.6)μg/L, respectively, with the P solubility at (64.8±18.0)%. DIP dominantly contributed to DTP with the percentage of (56.7±15.7)%. Both TP and DTP had a negative power correlation with precipitation while the TP scavenging index was larger. For rainwater samples collected at the precipitation <10mm, precipitation significantly affected the P concentrations via scavenging and dilution effects. However, these effects were not detectable in samples collected at precipitation >40mm. The measured P in rainwater was derived from the washout process, which scavenged 70%~85% of particulate P to rainwater. Acidification processes significantly promoted the dissolution of particulate P with a higher efficiency of inorganic P than that of organic P. For the recorded two types of precipitation, i.e., <5mm and >30mm, pH mainly determined the P solubility with precipitation and backward air mass history to some extent. For the rainwater samples with a similar pH, the P solubility increased with increasing precipitation. For the rainwater samples with a similar pH and collected at the precipitation <5mm, the P solubility was higher with air mass history from oceans to the continent. For rainwater samples collected at 5~30mm precipitation, the single factor effect, e.g., precipitation, pH, and air mass source, on the P solubility cannot be isolated out.

导出引用

王志文, 郭浩, 谷涵, 孔毅, 高会旺, 姚小红, 石金辉. 黄海近岸大气降水中磷溶解度及其影响因素[J]. 中国环境科学. 2021, 41(11): 5060-5068

WANG Zhi-wen, GUO Hao, GU Han, KONG Yi, GAO Hui-wang, YAO Xiao-hong, SHI Jin-hui. Solubility of phosphorus in rainwater collected in the coastal area of the Yellow sea and influencing factors[J]. China Environmental Science. 2021, 41(11): 5060-5068

中图分类号： X51

参考文献

[1] Elser J J, Bracken M E S, Cleland E E, et al. Global analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation of primary producers in freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems[J]. Ecology Letters, 2007,10(12):1135-1142.
[2] Xing J, Song J, Yuan H, et al. Water-soluble nitrogen and phosphorus in aerosols and dry deposition in Jiaozhou Bay, North China:Deposition velocities, origins and biogeochemical implications[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2018,207:90-99.
[3] Xing J, Song J, Yuan H, et al. Fluxes, seasonal patterns and sources of various nutrient species (nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon) in atmospheric wet deposition and their ecological effects on Jiaozhou Bay, North China[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2017,576:617-627.
[4] Carbo P, Krom M D, Homoky W B, et al. Impact of atmospheric deposition on N and P geochemistry in the southeastern Levantine basin[J]. Deep Sea Research Part II:Topical Studies in Oceanography, 2005,52(22-23):3041-3053.
[5] Anderson L D, Faul K L, Paytan A. Phosphorus associations in aerosols:What can they tell us about P bioavailability?[J]. Marine Chemistry, 2010,120(1-4):44-56.
[6] Shi J, Wang N, Gao H, et al. Phosphorus solubility in aerosol particles related to particle sources and atmospheric acidification in Asian continental outflow[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2019, 19(2):847-860.
[7] O'Day P A, Nwosu U G, Barnes M E, et al. Phosphorus speciation in atmospherically deposited particulate matter and implications for terrestrial ecosystem productivity[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2020,54(8):4984-4994.
[8] Gu C, Hart S C, Turner B L, et al. Aeolian dust deposition and the perturbation of phosphorus transformations during long-term ecosystem development in a cool, semi-arid environment[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2019,246:498-514.
[9] Hsu S C, Gong G C, Shiah F K, et al. Sources, solubility, and acid processing of aerosol iron and phosphorous over the South China Sea:East Asian dust and pollution outflows vs. Southeast Asian biomass burning[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 2014, 14(15):21433-21472.
[10] Kanakidou M, Duce R A, Prospero J M, et al. Atmospheric fluxes of organic N and P to the global ocean[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2012,26(3):GB3026, doi:10.1029/2011GB004277.
[11] Christoffersen R, Christoffersen J. Kinetics of dissolution of calcium hydroxyapatite IV. The effect of some biologically important inhibitors[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 1981,53:42-54.
[12] Herbert R J, Krom M D, Carslaw K S, et al. The effect of atmospheric acid processing on the global deposition of bioavailable phosphorus from dust[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2018,32(9):1367-1385.
[13] Colin J L, Jaffrezo J L, Gros J. Solubility of major species in precipitation:Factors of variation[J]. Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics, 1990,24(3):537-544.
[14] 李茜,石金辉,李鹏志,等.青岛大气降水中微量元素的浓度及溶解度[J]. 环境科学, 2018,39(4):1520-1526.Li Q, Shi J H, Li P Z, et al. Concentrations and solubility of trace elements in atmospheric precipitation in Qingdao[J]. Environmental Science, 2018,39(4):1520-1526.
[15] 马淼,石金辉,高会旺,等.冬季青岛不同气团来源气溶胶中磷浓度及溶解度[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020,40(9):3748-3755.Ma M, Shi J H, Gao H W, et al. Concentration and solubility of atmospheric aerosol phosphorus in different types of air mass in Qingdao in winter[J]. China Environmental Science, 2020,40(9):3748-3755.
[16] Migon C, Sandroni V. Phosphorus in rainwater:Partitioning inputs and impact on the surface coastal ocean[J]. Limnology and Oceanography, 1999,44(4):1160-1165.
[17] Tamatamah R A, Hecky R E, Duthie H. The atmospheric deposition of phosphorus in Lake Victoria (East Africa)[J]. Biogeochemistry, 2005, 73(2):325-344.
[18] Vet R, Artz R S, Carou S, et al. A global assessment of precipitation chemistry and deposition of sulfur, nitrogen, sea salt, base cations, organic acids, acidity and pH, and phosphorus[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2014,93:3-100.
[19] Mackey K R M, Mioni C E, Ryan J P, et al. Phosphorus cycling in the red tide incubator region of Monterey Bay in response to upwelling[J]. Front in Microbiology, 2012,3(3):1-14.
[20] Myriokefalitakis S, Nenes A, Baker A R, et al. Bioavailable atmospheric phosphorous supply to the global ocean:a 3-D global modeling study[J]. Biogeosciences, 2016,13(24):6519-6543.
[21] 王楠,马淼,石金辉,等.夏季青岛大气气溶胶中不同形态磷的浓度、来源及沉降通量[J]. 环境科学, 2018,39(9):4034-4041.Wang N, Ma M, Shi J H, et al. Concentrations, sources, and dry deposition fluxes of different forms of phosphorus in Qingdao aerosols in summer[J]. Environmental Science, 2018,39(9):4034-4041.
[22] Shi J, Zhang J, Gao H, et al. Concentration, solubility and deposition flux of atmospheric particulate nutrients over the Yellow Sea[J]. Deep Sea Research Part II:Topical Studies in Oceanography, 2013,97:43-50.
[23] Hitzenberger R, Berner A, Giebl H, et al. Black carbon (BC) in alpine aerosols and cloud water-concentrations and scavenging efficiencies[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2001,35(30):5135-5141.
[24] 徐丹卉,葛宝珠,王自发,等.2014年北京地区云内云下的降水化学分析[J]. 环境科学学报, 2017,37(9):3289-3296.Xu D B, Ge B Z, Wang Z F, et al. Below-cloud/in-cloud scavenging and chemical components in precipitation of Beijing in 2014[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2017,37(9):3289-3296.
[25] Gao Y, Hao Z, Yang T, et al. Effects of atmospheric reactive phosphorus deposition on phosphorus transport in a subtropical watershed:A Chinese case study[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2017, 226:69-78.
[26] Luo L, Qin B, Yang L, et al. Total inputs of phosphorus and nitrogen by wet deposition into Lake Taihu, China[J]. Hydrobiologia, 2007, 581:63-70.
[27] Zhang X, Lin C, Zhou X, et al. Concentrations, fluxes, and potential sources of nitrogen and phosphorus species in atmospheric wet deposition of the Lake Qinghai Watershed, China[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2019,682:523-531.
[28] Koelliker Y, Totten L A, Gigliotti C L, et al. Atmospheric wet deposition of total phosphorus in New Jersey[J]. Water, air, and soil pollution, 2004,154(1):139-150.
[29] He J, Balasubramanian R, Burger D F, et al. Dry and wet atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus in Singapore[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2011,45(16):2760-2768.
[30] Pollman C D, Landing W M, Perry J J, et al. Wet deposition of phosphorus in Florida[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2002,36(14):2309-2318.
[31] Bartoli G, Migon C, Losno R. Atmospheric input of dissolved inorganic phosphorus and silicon to the coastal northwestern Mediterranean Sea:Fluxes, variability and possible impact on phytoplankton dynamics[J]. Deep Sea Research Part I:Oceanographic Research Papers, 2005,52(11):2005-2016.
[32] Gross A, Turner B L, Goren T, et al. Tracing the sources of atmospheric phosphorus deposition to a tropical rain forest in Panama using stable oxygen isotopes[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2016,50(3):1147-1156.
[33] Fan S, Gao Y, Sherrell R M, et al. Concentrations, particle-size distributions, and dry deposition fluxes of aerosol trace elements over the Antarctic Peninsula in austral summer[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2021,21(3):2105-2124.
[34] Blanco-Alegre C, Castro A, Calvo A I, et al. Below-cloud scavenging of fine and coarse aerosol particles by rain:The role of raindrop size[J]. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 2018,144(717):2715-2726.
[35] 李瑞芃,石金辉,张代洲.天气条件及气团来源对青岛春季大气颗粒物数浓度谱分布的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2012,32(8):1392-1399.Li R P, Shi J H, Zhang D Z. Size distribution of atmospheric particles in number concentration in relation to meteorological conditions and air mass origins in Qingdao in spring[J]. China Environmental Science, 2012,32(8):1392-1399.
[36] 管阳,石金辉.雾霾天对青岛PM_2.5中铁、磷浓度及溶解度的影响[J]. 中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版), 2021,51(4):117-125.Guan Y, Shi J H. Concentrations and solubility of iron and phosphorus in Qingdao PM_2.5 under haze and fog weather conditions[J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China, 2021,51(4):117-125.
[37] Vlasov D, Kasimov N, Eremina I, et al. Partitioning and solubilities of metals and metalloids in spring rains in Moscow megacity[J]. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 2021,12(1):255-271.
[38] 杨龙元,秦伯强,胡维平,等.太湖大气氮、磷营养元素干湿沉降率研究[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 2007,(2):104-110.Yang L Y, Qin B Q, Hun W P, et al. The atmospheric depositon of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in Taihu lake[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 2007,(2):104-110.
[39] Buck C S, Landing W M, Resing J A, et al. Aerosol iron and aluminum solubility in the northwest Pacific Ocean:Results from the 2002 IOC cruise[J]. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2006,7(4):Q04M07,doi:10.1029/2005GC000977.