A campaign of sampling atmospheric precipitation and particulate matter samples in Beijing in both spring and summer of 2015 was carried out to investigate the physical and chemical characteristics, temporal and spatial variations and sources of precipitation and its impacts on atmospheric particulate matter. A large amount of rainfall in spring and summer mostly occurred in summer. The volume-weighted mean (VWM) pH value of rainwater in the south of Beijing in spring and summer was 6.26, a little higher than that of 6.08 in the north, indicating that the rainwater in Beijing was largely non-acidic. At the same time, the VWM pH in spring was higher than that in summer in Beijing. The concentrations of major crustal elements in rainfall such as Al and Fe, were relatively high, while Ti, V and Ce were relatively low. The concentrations of major pollution elements in rainwater such as Ca and S, were much high, Na and Mg were relatively high, but Zn, Mn, Cu, Sr, Pb and Ni were relatively low, of which Na, Mg, Sr and Ni were lightly enriched in rainwater, Ca, Mn and Pb were enriched, and Cu, Zn and S were heavily enriched in rainwater. Furthermore, the concentrations of major elements in rainwater displayed the significant seasonal variations, of which the concentration of secondary pollution element S in summer was higher than that in spring, while the concentrations of the others in spring were higher than those in summer. The important spatial variations of major elements in rainwater have been shown, of which the concentrations of major elements in the south of Beijing, except for Pb, were higher than those in the north. The chemical compositions of precipitation were mainly from crustal dust, construction activities, coal combustion, vehicle emission and industrial emission. The scavenging effect of precipitation to aerosol particles and their components from the air was generally impacted by the rainfall intensity and the concentrations of pollutants before precipitation events. The precipitation could effectively scavenge pollution elements in fine particle PM_2.5, such as Cu, Zn, Mn and Na, and crustal element Al, and Mg and Ca from construction dust in coarse particle PM₁₀.