日本食品废物不同资源化技术下的碳排放比较研究

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摘要应用生命周期评价法（LCA），采用日本农林水产省和环境省的调查数据和统计数据，对不同资源化技术处理食品废物碳排放进行评价.10种资源化技术相比于3种非资源化（主要是焚烧）技术的结果表明，食品废物生命周期各阶段碳排放最多的是预处理+处理阶段，约占85%；最少的是回收阶段，可抵消部分排放.此外，全生命周期总排放，甲烷化（循环消化液）是最有利于温室气体减排的技术，可减排380.6kg CO₂e/t，通过调节参数核算日本城市生活垃圾的减排潜力每年约为5586万tCO₂e.甲烷化（单纯）、肥料化均减少温室气体排放，并且前者减排效果优于后者.而废物固形燃料（RDF）、甲烷化（与地下水混合）、饲料化（液化）、甲烷化（混合焚烧）、碳化、乙醇化、饲料化（额外干燥）与发电焚烧、无发电焚烧、焚烧可燃垃圾（无发电）依次增加了温室气体的排放.不考虑再生品的异地运输，则甲烷化（与地下水混发电焚烧合）相比饲料化（液化）产生更少的温室气体排放，其他次序按照技术的优劣性保持不变.

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关键词 ：食品废物, 资源化技术, 碳减排, 甲烷化(循环消化液)

Abstract：Based on life cycle assessment (LCA), survey data and statistical data from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan and Ministry of Environment of Japan were used to evaluate CO₂ emissions of food waste under different recycling or non-recycling treatment systems. The research makes comparisons of CO₂ emissions reduction caused by 10 kinds of recycling technology and 3non-recycling (mainly incineration) treatment technologies. The results show that, pretreatment and treatment stages combined accounts for almost 85% CO₂ emissions, and the least is recycling stage, which can offset part of the emissions. As for the total emission, methanation (circulating digestive liquids) is the most favorable one with 380.6kg CO₂e/t reduction a year. In addition, it turns out that methanation (only) and fertilization can reduce CO₂ emissions, while solidification of combustible waste (RDF), methanation (mixed with underground water), feed (liquefaction), methanation (mixed with incineration), carbonization, ethanol, feed (extra drying) and incineration (power generation), incineration (no power generation), incineration of combustible waste (no power generation) all increase the CO₂ emission successively. While excluding recycling products transportation, methanation (mixed with underground water) will produce less CO₂ emission than the feed (liquefaction), and the other order will remain the same according to the advantages and disadvantages of technologies.

Key words： food waste recycling technology CO₂ emission methanation (circulating digestive liquids)

收稿日期: 2020-06-15

PACS:

X705

基金资助:国家社科基金项目（14BGL095）

通讯作者: 谭灵芝,副教授,tlzwgy@163.com E-mail: tlzwgy@163.com

作者简介: 姜晓群(1989-),女,安徽合肥人,工程师,博士,主要从事环境管理政策,环境经济政策研究.发表论文7篇.

引用本文:

姜晓群, 谭灵芝, 孙月阳. 日本食品废物不同资源化技术下的碳排放比较研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2021, 41(2): 959-966. JIANG Xiao-qun, TAN Ling-zhi, SUN Yue-yang. Comparative study on CO₂ emissions under different recycling technologies for food waste in Japan. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2021, 41(2): 959-966.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2021/V41/I2/959

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