草原流域地下水化学时空特征及环境驱动因素——以内蒙古巴拉格尔河流域为例

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摘要为查明内蒙古草原流域地下水水化学特征、成因及其环境意义，选择巴拉格尔河流域为研究对象，以Piper三线图、Gibbs图、主成分分析法（PCA）和内梅罗指数法等对2018~2019年丰水期、枯水期46处92个浅层地下水水样进行分析.结果表明：研究区地下水呈现弱碱性环境，属于淡水，枯水期多数离子含量高于丰水期，空间分布整体呈现出西高东低的特点；地下水水化学类型多样，以HCO₃^–-Ca²⁺·Na⁺型占主导，HCO₃^–-Ca²⁺型、HCO₃^–--Ca²⁺·Mg²⁺型、HCO₃^–-Na⁺型和HCO₃^–-Ca²⁺·Na⁺·Mg²⁺型等多种共存；不同河段枯水期水化学差异不显著，但丰水期地下水离子具空间特征，地下水化学成分来源变化复杂；地下水化学离子主要受岩石风化作用控制，Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺主要来源于碳酸盐、硅酸盐和蒸发岩的溶解，其中碳酸盐占主导，Na⁺、K⁺来自岩盐的溶解；地下水级别较好水居多，其次为较差和良好，极差、优良水占比最小，总体水质偏好；碳酸盐岩石风化、水岩溶滤作用和人类活动是研究区地下水化学特征演化的主要驱动因素.研究成果可为区域草原生态环境保护与恢复、水资源开发利用及流域生态水文研究提供技术参考与依据.

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关键词 ：水化学特征, 主成分分析, 质量评价, Piper, Gibbs, 环境驱动

Abstract：In order to find out the hydro-chemical characteristics, formation and environmental significance of groundwater in Inner Mongolia steppe basin, Balaguer River basin was selected as the typical study area, in which 92 groundwater samples of 46 wells were sampled in the wet and dry seasons of 2018~2019. The Piper trigram, Gibbs graph, principal component analysis (PCA), Nemerow index were adopted to analyze groundwater water quality and the results showed that the groundwater were weakly alkaline, most of which were brackish water and a few were fresh water. Overall, the ion concentrations were higher in wet seasons than dry seasons, and higher in the west area than the east area. Groundwater hydro-chemical types were complex and diverse, including HCO₃^--Ca²⁺·Na⁺, HCO₃^--Ca²⁺, HCO₃^--Ca²⁺·Mg²⁺, HCO₃^--Na²⁺ and HCO₃^--Ca²⁺·Na⁺·Mg²⁺. There were no significant hydro-chemical distinctions in different river sections during the dry seasons, while the ion concentrations possessed spatial characteristics and the sources were complicated during the wet seasons. The ions in groundwater were mainly controlled by rock weathering, and Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺ mainly came from the dissolution of carbonate, silicate and evaporation, while Na⁺、K⁺ came from the dissolution of salt rock. The groundwater quality was better in the whole basin, and the proportion of extremely poor and excellent water was relatively small. The main driving factors of the evolution of groundwater hydro-chemical characteristics were carbonate rock weathering, water karst filtration and human activities. The research results could be taken as a technical reference for protection and restoration of regional grassland ecological environment, exploitation and utilization of water resources and study of watershed eco-hydrology.

Key words： hydro-chemical characteristics principal component analysis quality assessment Piper Gibbs environment driving force

收稿日期: 2020-09-22

PACS:	X143
	P641.12

基金资助:内蒙古重大研发项目（2019ZD001）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（51969022）；教育部重点实验室开放课题（KF2020006）；内蒙古自然科学基金资助项目（2018MS05006）；内蒙古自治区科技计划项目（2019GG141）

通讯作者: 高瑞忠,教授,ruizhonggao@imau.edu.cn E-mail: ruizhonggao@imau.edu.cn

作者简介: 房丽晶(1996-),女,内蒙古呼伦贝尔市人,内蒙古农业大学硕士研究生.主要从事干旱半干旱地区生态水文及水化学特征研究.发表论文4篇.

引用本文:

房丽晶, 高瑞忠, 贾德彬, 于瑞宏, 刘心宇, 刘廷玺. 草原流域地下水化学时空特征及环境驱动因素——以内蒙古巴拉格尔河流域为例[J]. 中国环境科学, 2021, 41(5): 2161-2169. FANG Li-jing, GAO Rui-zhong, JIA De-bin, YU Rui-hong, LIU Xin-yu, LIU Ting-xi. Spatial-temporal characteristics of groundwater quality and its environmental driving factors of Steppe Basin—taken Balaguer river basin of Inner Mongolia for instance. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2021, 41(5): 2161-2169.

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