Spatial-temporal differentiation of water quality under different water level conditions of Hanfeng and Gaoyang Lakes in Three Gorges Reservoir
LIU Shuang-shuang1,2,3,4, YUAN Xing-zhong1,2,4, WANG Xiao-feng4,5, ZHOU Li-lei1,2,3,4
1. School of Architectural and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China;
2. Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China;
3. Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China;
4. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Environmental Remote Sensing in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing 401331, China;
5. School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
In order to understand the interactions between different water level conditions and water quality of Pengxi river, provide scientific supports for rivers ecological management of the Three Gorges Reservoir, we conducted a study to determine the spatial and temporal differentiation of water quality in Hanfeng and Gaoyang Lakes. We arranged 14 sampling sites in these two lakes and measured 10 water quality parameters once amonth from December 2018 to Octorber 2019 at these sites. Single pollution index results suggest that the water quality grade of Hanfeng and Gaoyang lakes were Class Ⅲ of the National Surface Water Standard in most months. As phytoplankton blooms occured, heavy rainfall made runoff increases, the water quality grade reached ClassⅣandⅤin spring and summer.Using the Discriminant Analysis(DA) and Analysis of Variance(ANOVA), water quality showed spatial and temporal differentiation pattern, SD, DO, EC, pH, T, depth, TOC, TN and NH3-N were the indicative factors describing the significantly spatial-temporal difference in water environment. Using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), pollution classification factors of water environment are TN, NH3-N, depth and pH in flow period. Otherwise, TN, TP, EC were pollution classification factors in wet period and depth, EC, TOC, TP, TN, NH3-N were pollution classification factors in dry period. In temporal terms, the order of pollution was storage period > falling stage > discharge period in Hanfeng Lake and discharge period > falling stage > storage period in Gaoyang Lake; the spatial pollution situation was HF3 < HF1 < HF2 < HF4 < HF5 < HF8 < HF7 < HF6; GY2 < GY3 < GY1 < GY5 < GY6 < GY4.
刘双爽, 袁兴中, 王晓锋, 周李磊. 不同水位期汉丰湖和高阳湖上覆水时空分异特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020, 40(11): 4965-4973.
LIU Shuang-shuang, YUAN Xing-zhong, WANG Xiao-feng, ZHOU Li-lei. Spatial-temporal differentiation of water quality under different water level conditions of Hanfeng and Gaoyang Lakes in Three Gorges Reservoir. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2020, 40(11): 4965-4973.
Bilotta G S, Brazier R E. Understanding the in?uence of suspended solids on water quality and aquatic biota[J]. water research, 2008, 42:2849-2861.
[2]
姚绪娇.三峡水库香溪河库湾浮游植物群落结构演替规律研究[D]. 宜昌:三峡大学, 2013. Yao X J. Succession of Phytoplankton Assemblages in Xiangxi Bay of Three Gorges Reservoir[D]. Yichang:China Three Gorges University, 2013.
[3]
李哲,方芳,郭劲松,等.三峡小江回水区段2007年春季水华与营养盐特征[J]. 湖泊科学, 2009,21(l):36-44. Li Z, Fang F, Guo J S, et al. Spring algal bloom and nutrients characteristics in Xiaojiang River backwater area, Three Gorge Reservoir, 2007[J]. J. Lake Sci., 2009,21(1):36-44.
[4]
蔡庆华,孙志禹.三峡水库水环境与水生态研究的进展与展望[J]. 湖泊科学, 2012,24(2):169-177. Cai Q H, Sun Y X. Water environment and aquatic ecosystem of Three Gorges Reservoir, China:progress and prospects[J]. J. Lake Sci., 2012,24(2):169-177.
[5]
康元昊,施军琼,杨燕君,等.三峡库区汝溪河浮游植物动态及其与水质的关系[J]. 水生态学杂志, 2018,39(6):23-29. Kang Y H, Shi J Q, Yang Y J, et al. Phytoplankton community dynamics and water quality assessment in Ruxi River, a tributary of Three Gorge Reservoir[J]. Journal of Hydroecology, 2018,39(6):23-29.
[6]
郭劲松,陈海燕,李哲,等.三峡水库水环境相关研究统计及展望[J]. 湖泊科学, 2018,30(5):1177-1186. Guo J S, Chen H Y, Li Z, et al. Bibliometric and hot topic analysis of related literatures on water environment in Three Gorges Reservoir[J]. J. Lake Sci., 2018,30(5):1177-1186.
[7]
Webber M, Li M T, Chen J, et al. Impact of the Three Gorges Dam, the South-North Water Transfer Project and water abstractions on the duration and intensity of salt intrusions in the Yangtze River estuary[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2015,19(11):4411-4425.
[8]
曾辉.长江和三峡库区浮游植物季节变动及其与营养盐和水文条件关系研究[D]. 武汉:中国科学院水生生物研究所, 2006. Zeng H. PhytoPlankton inYangtze and Three Gorges Resevroir:dynamics and relationship with nutrients and hydrological conditions[D]. Wuhan:the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Hydorbiology, 2006.
[9]
Zhao J, Fu G, Lei K, et al, Multivariate analysis of surface water quality in the Three Gorges area of China and implications for water management[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2011,23(9):1460-1471.
[10]
Chaonan Han, Binghui Zheng, Yanwen Qin, et al. Impact of upstream river inputs and reservoir operation on phosphorus fractions in water-particulate phases in the Three Gorges Reservoir[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018,610-611:1546-1556.
[11]
张智,宋丽娟,郭蔚华.重庆长江嘉陵江交汇段浮游藻类组成及变化[J]. 中国环境科学, 2005,25(6):695-699. Zhang Z, Song L J, Guo W H. Phytoplankton community composition and change in the confluence of Changjiang River and Jialing River of Chongqing[J]. China Environmental Science, 2005,25(6):695-699.
[12]
李梦婕,江韬,何仁江,等.三峡库区典型农田小流域水化学特征及变化规律[J]. 中国环境科学, 2012,32(6):1062-1068. Li M J, Jiang T, He R J, et al. Water chemistry characteristics of a typical agricultural small watershed in Three Gorge Reservoir area and its changing tendency[J]. China Environmental Science, 2012,32(6):1062-1068.
[13]
郭劲松,谢丹,李哲,等.三峡水库开县消落区水域冬季蓄水期间藻类群落结构与水质评价[J]. 环境科学, 2012,33(4):1129-1135. Guo J S, Xie D, Li Z, et al. Algal Community structure and water quality assessment on drawdown area of Kaixian waters in Three Gorges Reservoir during winter storage period[J]. Environmental Science, 2012,33(4):1129-1135.
[14]
李哲,王胜,郭劲松,等.三峡水库156m蓄水前后澎溪河回水区藻类多样性变化特征[J]. 湖泊科学, 2012,24(2):227-231. Li Z, Wang S, Guo J S, et al. Phytoplankton diversity in backwater area of the Pengxi River in the Three Gorges Reser-voir before and after 156m impoundment[J]. J. Lake Sci., 2012,24(2):227-231.
[15]
蒋滔,郭劲松,李哲,等.三峡水库不同运行状态下支流澎溪河水-气界面温室气体通量特征初探[J]. 环境科学, 2012,33(5):1463-1470. Jiang T, Guo J S, Li Z, et al. Air-water surface greenhouse gas flux in Pengxi River at different operational stages of the Three Gorges Reservoir[J]. Environmental Science, 2012,33(5):1463-1470.
[16]
秦宇,张渝阳,李哲,等.三峡澎溪河水华期间水体CH4浓度及其通量变化特征初探[J]. 环境科学, 2018,39(4):1578-1588. Qin Y, Zhang Y Y, LiZ, et al. CH4 Fluxes during the algal bloom in the Pengxi River[J]. Environmental Science, 2018,39(4):1578-1588.
[17]
付莉.三峡水库澎溪河永久回水区水环境与藻类生长关系[D]. 重庆:西南大学, 2015. Fu L. Aquatic environment and it,s relevance to alga community and growth in permanent backwater area in Pengxi River of Three Gorge Reservoir[D]. Chongqing:Xinan Umiversity, 2015.
[18]
李斌,徐丹丹,王志坚,等.三峡库区蓄水175m对汉丰湖不同生物类群d13C, d15N值的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2013,33(8):1426-1432. Li B, Xu D D, Wang Z J, et al. Effects of the 175m impoundment (the first time)in the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios(13C/12C and 15N/14N)of different organisms in Hanfeng Lake from the Three Gorges Reservoir[J]. China Environmental Science, 2013,33(8):1426-1432.
[19]
郑志伟,胡莲,邹曦,等.汉丰湖富营养化综合评价与水环境容量分析[J]. 水生态学杂志, 2014,35(5):22-26. Zheng Z W, Hu L, Zou X, et al. Eutrophication assessment and analysis of nutrient loading in Hanfeng Lake[J]. Journal of Hydroecology, 2014,35(5):22-26.
[20]
陈焰,黄宏,彭文启,等.基于探索性数据分析的汉丰湖富营养化驱动因子研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2018,27(5):1104-1113. Chen Y, Huang H, Peng W Q, Research on eutrophication driven factors of Hanfeng Lake based on exploratory data analysis[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2018,27(5):1104-1113.
[21]
GB3838-2002地表水环境质量标准[S]. GB3838-2002 Environmental quality standard for surface water[S].
[22]
邱光胜,胡圣,叶丹,等.三峡库区支流富营养化及水华现状研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2011,20(3):311-316. Qiu G S, Hu S, Ye D, et a1. Investigation on the present situation of eutrophication and water bloom in the branches of Three Gorges Reservior[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 201l, 20(3):311-316.
[23]
王昱,卢世国,冯起,等.黑河上中游水质时空分异特征及污染源解析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2019,39(10):4194-4204. Wang Y, Lu S G, Feng Q, et al. Spatio-temporal characteristics and source identification of water pollutants in the upper and middle reachers of Heihe River[J]. China Environmental Science, 2019, 39(10):4194-4204.
[24]
Dan Z, Huai C, Xing Z Y, et al. Nitrous oxide emissions from the surface of the Three Gorges Reservoir[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2013,60:150-154.
[25]
Gao Q, Li Y, Cheng Qi Y, et al. Analysis and assessment of the nutrients, biochemical indexes and heavy metals in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China, from 2008 to 2013[J]. Water Research, 2016,92:262-274.
[26]
冉桂花,葛继稳,苗文杰,等.三峡库区古夫河水质时空分异特征[J]. 生态学报, 2013,33(17):5385-5396. Ran G H, Ge J W, Miao W J, et al. Spatial-temporal differentiation of water quality in Gufu River of Three Gorges Reservoir[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013,33(17):5385-5396.
[27]
郑丙辉,曹承进,秦延文,等.三峡水库主要入库河流氮营养盐特征及其来源分析[J]. 环境科学, 2008,29(1):1-6. Zheng B H, Cao C J, Qin Y W,et al. Analysis of nitrogen distribution characters and their sources of the major input rivers of Three Gorges Reservoir[J]. Environmental Science, 2008,29(1):1-6.
[28]
Zhang J L, Zheng B H, Liu L S, et al. Seasonal variation of phytoplankton in the DaNing River and its relationships with environmental factors after impounding of the Three Gorges Reservoir:A four-year study[J]. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2010,2:1479-1490.
[29]
Zhang S T, Xue J Z, Yao J L, Wu H X. Temporal and spatial variation of water environment in Daning Bay of the Three Gorges Reservoir[J]. Journal of Hydroecology, 2010,3(2):1-8.
[30]
王书航,姜霞,金相灿.巢湖水环境因子的时空变化及对水华发生的影响[J]. 湖泊科学, 2011,23(6):873-880. Wang S H, Jiang X, JIin X C. Spatial-temporal variations of aquatic environmental factors and their influences to algal blooming in Lake Chaohu[J]. J. Lake Sci., 2011,23(6):873-880.
[31]
谢经朝,赵秀兰,何丙辉,等.汉丰湖流域农业面源污染氮磷排放特征分析[J]. 环境科学, 2019,40(4):1760-1769. Xie J C, Zhao X L, He B H, et al. Analysis of the Characteristics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Emissions from Agricultural Non-point Sources on Hanfeng Lake Basin[J]. Environmental Science, 2019, 40(4):1760-1769.
[32]
杨凡,杨正健,纪道斌,等.三峡库区不同河段支流丰水期叶绿素a和营养盐的空间分布特征[J]. 环境科学, 2019,40(11):4944-4952. Yang F, Yang Z J, Ji D B, et al. Spatial distribution characteristics of chlorophyll a and nutrient salts in tributaries of different river sections in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area during the flood season[J]. Environmental Science, 2019,40(11):4944-4952.
[33]
Sun Z B, Chen Z J, Liao X Y, et al. Characteristics of agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus losses in a typical small watershed in Three Georges Reservoir area[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2011,30(8):1720-1725.
[34]
王宇飞,赵秀兰,何丙辉,等.汉丰湖夏季浮游植物群落与环境因子的典范对应分析[J]. 环境科学, 2015,36(3):922-927. Wang Y F, Zhao X L, He B H, et al. Canonical correspondence analysis of summer phytoplankton community and its environmental factors in Hanfeng Lake[J]. Environmental Science, 2015,(3):922-927.
[35]
黄祺,何丙辉,赵秀兰,等.三峡蓄水期间汉丰湖消落区营养状态时间变化[J]. 环境科学, 2015,36(3):928-935. Huang Q, He B H, Zhao X L, et al. Temporal variation of tropic status in drawdown area of Hanfeng Lake in the storage period of Three Gorges Reservoir in China[J]. Environmental Science, 2015,(3):928-935.
[36]
杨兵,何丙辉,王德宝.三峡前置库汉丰湖试运行年水文水质变化特征[J]. 环境科学, 2017,38(4):1366-1375. Yang B, He B H, Wang D B. Hanfeng pre-reservoir commissioning time variation feature of the hydrology and water quality in Three Gorges Reservoir[J]. Environmental Science, 2017,38(4):1366-1375.
[37]
黄祺,何丙辉,赵秀兰,等.三峡库区汉丰湖水质的时空变化特征分析[J]. 西南大学学报(自然科学版), 2016,38(3):136-142. Huang Q, He B H, Zhao X L, et al. Analysis on spatiotemporal variation characteristics of water quality of Hanfeng Lake in Three Gorges Reservoir in China[J]. Journal of Southwest University (Natural Science Edition), 2016,38(3):136-142.
[38]
李斌,王志坚,金丽,等.人为营养物质输入对汉丰湖不同营养级生物的影响——稳定C,N同位素分析[J]. 生态学报, 2012,32(5):1519-1526. Li B, Wang Z J, Jin L, et al. Effects of anthropogenic nutrient input on organisms from different trophic levels in Hanfeng Lake:Evidence from stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012,32(5):1519-1526.
[39]
张磊,蔚建军,付莉,等.三峡库区回水区营养盐和叶绿素a的时空变化及其相互关系[J]. 环境科学, 2015,36(6):2061-2069. Zhang L, Wei J J, Fu L, et al. Temporal and spatial variation of nutrients and chlorophyll a,and their relationship in Pengxi River backwater area, Three Gorges Reservoir[J]. Environmental Science, 2015,36(6):2061-2069.
