咸宁市大气臭氧敏感性和污染来源解析

任俊宇; 朱宽广; 谢旻; 刘巍; 高达; 陈嘉胜; 金宇宁; 赵润琪; 张林涛

PDF(2270 KB)

中国环境科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (9) : 4060-4068.

大气污染与控制

咸宁市大气臭氧敏感性和污染来源解析

任俊宇¹, 朱宽广², 谢旻¹, 刘巍², 高达¹, 陈嘉胜¹, 金宇宁¹, 赵润琪¹, 张林涛¹

作者信息 +

Analysis of the ozone sensitivity and source appointment in Xianning, Hubei Province

REN Jun-yu¹, ZHU Kuan-guang², XIE Min¹, LIU Wei², GAO Da¹, CHEN Jia-sheng¹, JIN Yu-ning¹, ZHAO Run-qi¹, ZHANG Lin-tao¹

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

为掌握咸宁市臭氧（O₃）污染状况，基于统计分析方法研究咸宁市2018年O₃地面观测数据，发现该年3~10月均有O₃浓度超标日发生，其中6、8、9、10月有浓度较高且持续时间较长的严重污染，高浓度时段集中于4~7月的每日12：00~20：00，浓度峰值出现时间约为16：00前后.使用OBM模型模拟，借助EKMA曲线、RIR分析等识别O₃敏感性，发现咸宁属于VOCs控制区，O₃生成对人为源VOCs中的二甲苯类芳香烃和烯烃类较敏感，这两类物种浓度均削减10%后分别得到RIR值为0.271和0.238.开展离线VOCs监测，经PMF方法解析得到5类源，其中工业排放为O₃污染主要贡献源，二甲苯类芳香烃绝大部分来自溶剂使用，烯烃类主要来自燃烧源.当O₃超标时，相比于非超标日，植物源、溶剂使用和燃烧源的贡献率均有增加，其中植物源的贡献增量较大，而机动车尾气和工业排放的贡献率却有一定程度的降低.

Abstract

This research introduced statistical analysis methods and surface ozone data in 2018 to gain the knowledge about the ozone pollution characteristics in Xianning, Hubei Province. The ozone concentrations exceeded the national standards at days from March to October, especially in June, August, September and October when persistent heavy ozone pollution occurred. From April to July, the daily ozone high concentrations occurred between 12:00 and 20:00, and usually achieved the daily peak around 16:00. The Observation-Based Model (OBM) is designed and tools such as Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach (EKMA) and Relative Incremental Reactivity (RIR) were included to calculate the ozone chemical sensitivity. It was found that the ozone formation in Xianning was VOCs-limited and seemed to be more sensible to two important anthropogenic VOCs species-xylene (XYL) and alkene (OLEP). After 10% cut of the emissions of xylene and alkene VOC species, the RIR values produced 0.271 and 0.238, respectively. Offline VOCs monitoring data was used in the PMF method and 5types of sources are appointed. It is found that industrial emissions contributed most to ozone pollution. xylene and alkene mainly came from solvent usage and combustion sources, respectively, which were the main VOC pollutants that should be controlled. During the ozone exceeding days, there were 9.8%, 1.8% and 1.9% more contributions from vegetation, solvent and biomass burning, while 2.4% and 10.9% less contributions from vehicles and industrial sections.

导出引用

任俊宇, 朱宽广, 谢旻, 刘巍, 高达, 陈嘉胜, 金宇宁, 赵润琪, 张林涛. 咸宁市大气臭氧敏感性和污染来源解析[J]. 中国环境科学. 2021, 41(9): 4060-4068

REN Jun-yu, ZHU Kuan-guang, XIE Min, LIU Wei, GAO Da, CHEN Jia-sheng, JIN Yu-ning, ZHAO Run-qi, ZHANG Lin-tao. Analysis of the ozone sensitivity and source appointment in Xianning, Hubei Province[J]. China Environmental Science. 2021, 41(9): 4060-4068

中图分类号： X511

参考文献

[1] Lippmann M. Health effects of ozone:A critical review[J]. Journal of Air Pollution Control Association, 1989,39(5):672-695.
[2] Seinfeld J H, Pandis S N. Atmospheric chemistry and physics:From air pollution to climate change Edition No. 3[M]. Malden, USA:Wiley, 2016:1152.
[3] 邵敏,董东.我国大气挥发性有机物污染与控制[J]. 环境保护, 2013,41(5):29-32.Shao M, Dong D. Atmospheric VOCs pollution and its control in China[J]. Environmental Protection, 2013,41(5):29-32.
[4] Derwent R G, Jenkin M E, Saunders S M. Photochemical ozone creation potentials for a large number of reactive hydrocarbons under European conditions[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 1996,30(2):181-199.
[5] 贾龙,葛茂发,徐永福,等.大气臭氧化学研究进展[J]. 化学进展, 2006,18(11):1565-1574.Jia L, Ge M F, Xu Y F, et al. Advances in atmospheric ozone chemistry[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2006,18(11):1565-1574.
[6] Clarke J F, Ching J K S. Aircraft observations of regional transport of ozone in the northeastern United States[J]. Atmospheric Environment (1967), 1983,17(9):1703-1712.
[7] 安俊琳,王跃思,李昕,等.北京大气中NO, NO₂和O₃浓度变化的相关性分析[J]. 环境科学, 2007,28(4):706-711.An J L, Wang Y S, Li X, et al. Analysis of the relationship between NO, NO₂ and O₃ concentrations in Beijing[J]. Environmental Science, 2007,28(4):706-711.
[8] Wang T, Ding A J, Gao J, et al. Strong ozone production in urban plumes from Beijing, China[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2006, 33(21):L21806.
[9] 武卫玲,薛文博,雷宇,等.基于OMI数据的京津冀及周边地区O₃生成敏感性[J]. 中国环境科学, 2018,38(4):1201-1208.Wu W L, Xue W B, Lei Y, et al. Sensitivity analysis of ozone in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) and its surrounding area using OMI satellite remote sensing data[J]. China Environmental Science, 2018, 38(4):1201-1208.
[10] Wang, X K, Lu W Z, Wang W J, et al. A study of ozone variation trend within area of affecting human health in Hong Kong[J]. Chemosphere, 2003,52(9):1405-1410.
[11] Matus K, Nam K M, Selin N E, et al. Health damages from air pollution in China[J]. Global Environmental Change, 2012,22(1):55-66.
[12] 刘建,吴兑,范绍佳,等.前体物与气象因子对珠江三角洲臭氧污染的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017,37(3):813-820.Liu J, Wu D, Fan S J, et al. Impacts of precursors and meteorological factors on ozone pollution in Pearl River Delta[J]. China Environmental Science, 2017,37(3):813-820.
[13] 郝吉明,王丽涛,李林,等.北京市能源相关大气污染源的贡献率和调控对策分析[J]. 中国科学:地球科学, 2005,35(增刊I):115-122.Hao J M, Wang L T, Li L, et al. Analysis of the contribution rate and control countermeasures of energy-related air pollution sources in Beijing[J]. Science in China (Series D), 2005,35(Supplement I):115-122.
[14] Wolf K, Cyrys J, Harciníková T, et al. Land use regression modeling of ultrafine particles, ozone, nitrogen oxides and markers of particulate matter pollution in Augsburg, Germany[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2016,579(1):1531-1540.
[15] Silva S J, Heald C L. Investigating dry deposition of ozone to vegetation[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres, 2018, 123(1):559-573.
[16] 沈利娟,李莉,吕升,等.2013年夏季嘉兴市一次光化学事件的观测分析[J]. 环境科学, 2014,35(5):1662-1670.Shen L J, Li L, Lyu S, et al. Observation of a photochemical event in Jiaxing during summer 2013[J]. Environmental Science, 2014,35(5):1662-1670.
[17] 吴锴,王浩霖,王式功,等.2015~2016年中国城市臭氧浓度时空变化规律研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2018,38(6):2179-2190.Wu K, Wang H L, Wang S G, et al. Pollution status and spatio-temporal variations of ozone in China during 2015~2016[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2018,38(6):2179-2190.
[18] 王雪松,李金龙,张远航,等.北京地区臭氧污染的来源分析[J]. 中国科学:化学, 2009,39(6):548-559.Wang X S, Li J L, Zhang Y H, et al. Ozone source attribution during a severe photochemical smog episode in Beijing, China[J]. Science in China (Series B), 2009,39(6):548-559.
[19] 林燕芬,黄侃,黄蕊珠,等.基于VOCs加密监测的上海典型臭氧污染过程特征及成因分析[J]. 环境科学学报, 2019,39(1):126-133.Lin Y F, Huang K, Huang R Z, et al. Typical ozone pollution process and source identification in Shanghai based on VOCs intense measurement[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2019,39(1):126-133.
[20] 梁永贤,尹魁浩,胡泳涛,等.深圳地区臭氧污染来源的敏感性分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2014,34(6):1390-1396.Liang Y X, Yin K H, Hu Y T, et al. Sensitivity analysis of ozone precursor emission in Shenzhen, China[J]. China Environmental Science, 2014,34(6):1390-1396.
[21] 郝伟华,王文勇,张迎春,等.成都市臭氧生成敏感性分析及控制策略的制定[J]. 环境科学学报, 38(10):3894-3899.Hao W H, Wang W Y, Zhang Y C, et al. Analysis of ozone generation sensitivity in Chengdu and establishment of control strategy[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 38(10):3894-3899.
[22] 杨笑笑,汤莉莉,张运江,等.南京夏季市区VOCs特征及O₃生成潜势的相关性分析[J]. 环境科学, 2016,37(2):443-451.Yang X X, Tang L L, Zhang Y J, et al. Correlation analysis between characteristics of VOCs and ozone formation potential in summer in Nanjing Urban District[J]. Environmental Science, 2016,37(2):443-451.
[23] 沈龙娇,胡柯,项萍,等.武汉市一次典型臭氧污染过程特征,成因及VOCs来源分析[C]//第二届环境监测与预警技术交流会暨中国环境科学学会环境监测专业委员会2018年学术年会, 2018.Shen L J, Hu K, Xiang P, et al. Analysis of characteristics, causes and sources of VOCs in a typical ozone pollution process in Wuhan[C]//The 2nd environmental monitoring and early warning technology exchange conference and the 2018 academic annual meeting of the Environmental Monitoring Professional Committee of the Chinese Society of Environmental Sciences, 2018.
[24] 曾沛,郭海,梁胜文,等.武汉市大气VOCs污染特征及其对臭氧生成的影响[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2018,41(7):117-124.Zeng P, Guo H, Liang S W, et al. Ambient volatile organic compounds and their contributions to ozone formation in Wuhan[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2018,41(7):117-124.
[25] HJ 759-2015环境空气挥发性有机物的测定罐采样/气相色谱-质谱法[S].HJ 759-2015 Ambient air-Determination of volatile organic compounds-Collected by specially-prepared canistersand analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry[S].
[26] Toxic Organics-15(TO-15), Compendium of methods for the determination of toxic organic compounds in ambient air[S].
[27] HJ/T 193-2005环境空气质量自动监测技术规范[S].HJ/T 193-2005 Automated methods for ambient air quality monitoring[S].
[28] 高东峰,张远航,曹永强.应用OBM模型研究广州臭氧的生成过程[J]. 环境科学研究, 2007,20(1):47-51.Gao D F, Zhang Y H, Cao Y Q. Process analysis of ozone formation in Guangzhou:Application of observation based model[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2007,20(1):47-51.
[29] 蒋美青,陆克定,苏榕,等.我国典型城市群O₃污染成因和关键VOCs活性解析[J]. 科学通报, 2018,63(12):1130-1141.Jiang M Q, Lu K D, Su R, et al. Ozone formation and key VOCs in typical Chinese city clusters[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2018, 63(12):1130-1141.
[30] Cardelino C A, Chameides W L. An observation-based model for analyzing ozone precursor relationships in the urban atmosphere[J]. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 1995,45(3):161-180.
[31] Paatero P, Tapper U. Positive matrix factorization:A non-negative factor model with optimal utilization of error estimates of data values[J]. Environmetrics, 1994,5(2):111-126.
[32] 朱彬,安俊琳,王自发,等.光化学臭氧日变化特征与其前体物关系的探讨[J]. 南京气象学院学报, 2006,29(6):744-749.Zhu B, An J L, Wang Z F, et al. Relations of diurnal variations of photochemical ozone to its precursors[J]. Journal of Nanjing Institute of Meteorology, 2006,29(6):744-749.
[33] 唐孝炎,张远航,邵敏.大气环境化学[M]. 2版.北京:高等教育出版社, 2006:739.Tang X Y, Zhang Y H, Shao M. Atmospheric environmental chemistry[M]. 2nd edition. Beijing:Higher Education Press, 2006:739.
[34] 肖龙,王帅,周颖,等.中国典型背景站夏季VOCs污染特征及来源解析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2021,41(5):2014-2027.Xiao L, Wang S, Zhou Y, et al. The characteristics and source apportionments of VOCs at typical background sites during summer in China[J]. China Environmental Science, 2021,41(5):2014-2027.