政府-企业-居民协同共治的道路交通碳交易机制

李文翔; 李晔; 蔡近近

PDF(992 KB)

中国环境科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (9) : 4426-4438.

碳排放控制

政府-企业-居民协同共治的道路交通碳交易机制

李文翔¹, 李晔², 蔡近近¹

作者信息 +

The CO₂ emission trading system for road transport collaboratively governed by the government, enterprises, and residents

LI Wen-xiang¹, LI Ye², CAI Jin-jin¹

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

根据道路交通碳排放的影响机理，提出同时把上游燃料供应企业、中游汽车生产企业、下游汽车使用者同时作为道路交通碳交易的责任主体，设计了政府-企业-居民协同共治的道路交通碳交易机制，包括碳配额总量设定、初始碳配额分配、行业基准设定、履约考核、市场交易以及监测报告核查等制度.通过案例与情景分析揭示了道路交通碳交易的多主体协同作用机理：在政府对于碳配额总量和行业基准的调控下，燃料供应企业将通过改变燃料成分来降低燃料排放因子；汽车生产企业将通过提高汽车燃油经济性和新能源汽车比例来降低汽车能耗强度；汽车使用者将通过减少车辆行驶里程降低交通需求或者购买使用新能源汽车.本文所提出的政府-企业-居民协同共治的道路交通碳交易机制，可以分别从上游、中游、下游促进道路交通碳排放的3个关键影响因素——燃料排放因子、汽车能耗强度、交通活动需求协同优化，能够有效控制道路交通温室气体排放增长，进而加速“碳达峰”的实现和“碳中和”的转型.

Abstract

This study designed an emission trading system for road transport (ETS-RT) which is collaboratively governed by the government, enterprises, and residents. In the ETS-RT, the upstream fuel producers, midstream vehicle manufacturers, and downstream vehicle users are all involved as regulated entities. The scheme of the ETS-RT includes cap and allocation of the carbon quota, setting of industry benchmarks, examining of compliance, trading of carbon quota, monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) of carbon emission. Through case and scenario analysis, the multi-agent collaboration mechanism of the ETS-RT was revealed:under the government's regulation on carbon quota and industry benchmark, fuel producers change the fuel composition to reduce the emission factor of automotive fuels, vehicle manufacturers improve the fuel economy and increase the production of new energy vehicles to reduce the energy consumption intensity of vehicles, while vehicle users decrease the annual vehicle miles to reduce the travel demand or choose the new energy vehicles. The proposed ETS-RT can promote the collaborative optimization of fuel emission factors, vehicle energy intensities, and traffic activity demand, which are the key influencing factors of the road transport CO₂ emissions. As a result, it can effectively control the growth of greenhouse gas emissions from road transport, thereby accelerating the achievement of "CO₂ emissions peak" and the transition to "carbon neutrality".

导出引用

李文翔, 李晔, 蔡近近. 政府-企业-居民协同共治的道路交通碳交易机制[J]. 中国环境科学. 2021, 41(9): 4426-4438

LI Wen-xiang, LI Ye, CAI Jin-jin. The CO₂ emission trading system for road transport collaboratively governed by the government, enterprises, and residents[J]. China Environmental Science. 2021, 41(9): 4426-4438

中图分类号： X32.022

参考文献

[1] Birol F. CO₂emissions from fuel combustion Highlights (2020Edition)[R]. Paris:OECD/IEA, 2020.
[2] 李晔,李文翔,魏愚獒.道路交通碳排放权交易研究现状与展望[J]. 同济大学学报(自然科学版), 2018,46(4):465-471.Li Y, Li W X, Wei Y A. Research progress and prospect of road transport carbon emission trading[J]. Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science), 2018,46(4):465-471.
[3] 周迪,刘奕淳.中国碳交易试点政策对城市碳排放绩效的影响及机制[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020,40(1):453-464.Zhou D, Liu Y C. Impact of China's carbon emission trading policy on the performance of urban carbon emission and its mechanism[J]. China Environmental Science, 2020,40(1):453-464.
[4] Han R, Yu B, Tang B, et al. Carbon emissions quotas in the Chinese road transport sector:A carbon trading perspective[J]. Energy Policy, 2017,106:298-309.
[5] 王善勇,李军,范进,等.个人碳交易视角下消费者能源消费与福利变化研究[J]. 系统工程理论与实践, 2017,37(6):1512-1524.Wang S Y, Li J, Fan J, et al. Study on consumers' energy consumption and welfare changes under the personal carbon trading scheme[J]. Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice, 2017,37(6):1512-1524.
[6] Li W, Wang L, Li Y, et al. A blockchain-based emissions trading system for the road transport sector:policy design and evaluation[J]. Climate Policy, 2021,21(3):337-352.
[7] 张新,马金涛.交通系统碳交易实现途径研究[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2016,26(3):46-53.Zhang X, Ma J. Realization method of carbon trading of transportation system[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2016, 26(3):46-53.
[8] Wadud Z, Noland R B, Graham D J. Equity analysis of personal tradable carbon permits for the road transport sector[J]. Environmental Science & Policy, 2008,11(6):533.
[9] Wadud Z. Personal tradable carbon permits for road transport:Why, why not and who wins?[J]. Transportation Research Part A:Policy and Practice, 2011,45(10):1052.
[10] Mock P, Tietge U, German J, et al. Road transport in the EU emissions trading system:An engineering perspective[R]. Washington D C:International Council on Clean Transportation, 2014.
[11] Wadud Z. Personal tradable carbon permits for road transport:Heterogeneity of demand responses and distributional analysis[D]. London:Imperial College London, 2007.
[12] Watters H, Tight M. Designing an emissions trading scheme suitable for surface transport[R]. Leeds:Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, 2007.
[13] SORRELL S. An upstream alternative to personal carbon trading[J]. Climate Policy, 2010,10(4):481.
[14] Michaelis P, Zerle P. From ACEA's voluntary agreement to an emission trading scheme for new passenger cars[J]. Journal of Environmental Planning & Management, 2006,49(3):435.
[15] Raux C, Croissant Y, Pons D. Would personal carbon trading reduce travel emissions more effectively than a carbon tax?[J]. Transportation Research Part D:Transport and Environment, 2015, 35:72-83.
[16] Li Y, Li W, Wei Y, et al. Using personal carbon dioxide trading to promote cleaner cars[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Transport, 2016,170(2):86-98.
[17] Fawcett T. Personal carbon trading:A policy ahead of its time?[J]. Energy Policy, 2010,38(11):6868-6876.
[18] Millard-Ball A. Municipal mobility manager:new transportation funding stream from carbon trading?[J]. Transportation Research Record:Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2008,2079:53-61.
[19] Bongardt D, Creutzig F, Hüging H, et al. Low-carbon land transport:Policy handbook[M]. Routledge, 2013.
[20] Creutzig F, McGlynn E, Minx J, et al. Climate policies for road transport revisited (I):Evaluation of the current framework[J]. Energy Policy, 2011,39(5):2396.
[21] 李文翔,李晔,董洁霜,等.引入碳交易机制的新能源汽车发展路径研究[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2021,33(6):1451-1465.Li W X, Li Y, Dong J S, et al. Development paths of new energy vehicles incorporating CO₂ emissions trading scheme[J]. 2021, 33(6):1451-1465.
[22] 闫云凤.中国碳排放权交易的机制设计与影响评估研究[M]. 北京:首都经贸大学出版社, 2017.Yan Y F. China's carbon emission trading system:scheme design and impact assessment[M]. Beijing:Capital University of Economics and Business Press, 2017.
[23] Jiang J, Ye B, Ma X, et al. Controlling GHG emissions from the transportation sector through an ETS:institutional arrangements in Shenzhen, China[J]. Climate Policy, 2016,16(3):353-371.
[24] Paustian K, Ravindranath N H, Amstel A V. 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories[M]. International Panel on Climate Change, 2006.
[25] 赵海龙.中国汽车保有量预测建模及其应用研究[D]. 长沙:湖南大学, 2009.Zhao H L. A study on modeling and forecasting of the number of automobiles owned by China and its empirical analysis[D]. Changsha:Hunan University, 2009.
[26] 杨琦,杨云峰,冯忠祥,等.基于灰色理论和马尔科夫模型的城市公交客运量预测方法[J]. 中国公路学报, 2013,26(6):169-175.Yang Q, Yang Y F, Feng Z X, et, al. Prediction method for passenger volume of city public transit based on grey theory and Markov model[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2013,26(6):169-175.
[27] 段茂盛,庞韬.碳排放权交易体系的基本要素[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2013,23(3):110-117.Duan M S, Pang T. Basic elements of emission trading scheme[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2013,23(3):110-117.
[28] 王先甲,肖文,胡振鹏.排污权初始权分配的两种方法及其效率比较[J]. 自然科学进展, 2004,14(1):81-87.Wang X J, Xiao W, Hu Z P. Two methods of initial allocation of pollutant emission rights and their efficiency comparison[J]. Progress in Natural Science, 2004,14(1):81-87.
[29] 陈晓红,曾祥宇,王傅强.碳限额交易机制下碳交易价格对供应链碳排放的影响[J]. 系统工程理论与实践, 2016,36(10):2562-2571.Cheng X H, Zeng X Y, Wang F Q. Impact of carbon trading price on carbon emission in supply chain under the cap-and-trade system[J]. Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice, 2016,36(10):2562-2571.
[30] 史丹,张成,周波,等.碳排放权交易的实践效果及其影响因素:一个文献综述[J]. 城市与环境研究, 2017,(4):93-110.Shi D, Zhang C, Zhou B, et al. The implementation effect and influencing factors of carbon emission trading:a review[J]. Urban and Environmental Studies, 2017,(4):93-110.
[31] 韩亚倩,张昕,孟庆阔.乘用车油耗水平现状分析与节能技术研究[J]. 汽车工业研究, 2017,(12):36-41.Han Y Q, Zhang X, Meng Q K. Analysis of the current situation of fuel consumption level of passenger cars and research on energy-saving technologies[J]. Auto Industry Research, 2017,(12):36-41.
[32] 贾顺平,毛保华,刘爽,等.中国交通运输能源消耗水平测算与分析[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2010,10(1).Jia S P, Mao B H, Liu S, et al. Calculation and analysis of transportation energy consumption level in China[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2010,10(1).
[33] Fan J, He H, Wu Y. Personal carbon trading and subsidies for hybrid electric vehicles[J]. Economic Modelling, 2016,59(1):164.
[34] 吕力,葛鹏,柳邵辉.基于节能与新能源技术路径的双积分合规成本测算模型及其应用[J]. 汽车工业研究, 2019,(1):41-44.Lv L, Ge P, Liu S H. A double credit compliance cost measurement model based on energy efficiency and new energy technology paths and its application[J]. Auto Industry Research, 2019,(1):41-44.
[35] Holland S P, Hughes J E, Knittel C R. Greenhouse gas reductions under low carbon fuel standards?[J]. American Economic Journal:Economic Policy, 2009,1(1):106-146.
[36] Yeh S, Sperling D. Low carbon fuel standards:Implementation scenarios and challenges[J]. Energy Policy, 2010,38(11):6955-6965.