矿井中水灌溉下土壤重金属的污染特征研究

张丽星; 周瑞平; 海春兴; 岳大鹏

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中国环境科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (10) : 5349-5358.

土壤污染与控制

矿井中水灌溉下土壤重金属的污染特征研究

张丽星^1,2, 周瑞平², 海春兴², 岳大鹏¹

作者信息 +

Pollution characteristics of soil heavy metals with the irrigation of treated mine water

ZHANG Li-xing^1,2, ZHOU Rui-ping², HAI Chun-xing², YUE Da-peng¹

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文章历史 +

摘要

为探讨矿井中水生态灌溉土壤的重金属空间分布和污染特征，在野外长缓坡面进行自上而下的“梯田式”灌溉试验，连续灌溉3a，对灌溉坡地（灌溉区）与未灌溉坡地（未灌溉区）土壤重金属（As、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn）含量进行对比分析，并利用地累积指数法评价土壤重金属污染水平.结果表明，研究区土壤重金属含量均低于农用地土壤污染风险筛选值，灌溉区土壤As、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn的均值超过内蒙古背景值，灌溉区土壤Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn含量显著高于未灌溉区（P < 0.05）.灌溉区与未灌溉区表层与深层土壤重金属含量无显著差异，而在沿坡面方向上重金属的分布特征具有显著差异.与未灌溉区相比，灌溉区Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn含量在中上坡位出现显著累积现象，而下坡位变化不大.对两个样区表层（0~20cm）土壤重金属污染特征进行评价，结果显示灌溉区Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn在中上坡位为轻度污染，未灌溉区土壤As部分样点处于轻度污染状态，其他重金属整体处于清洁状态.综上，矿井中水灌溉会造成中上坡位土壤重金属累积，出现一定的污染风险，而对下坡位影响较小.研究结果可为矿井水资源化及水资源可持续发展提供数据支撑.

Abstract

In order to investigate the influences of treated mine-water irrigation on the spatial distribution and possible pollution of soil heavy metal, a top-down "terrace style" irrigation experiment was conducted on a long and gentle slope in the field and a set of key heavy metal element (As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) were analyzed and compared for irrigated and unirrigated slope. The analysis was after a three-year controlled experiment, in which the treatment group slope was irrigated with treated mine-water whereas the control group slope not irrigated. Soil pollution introduced by heavy metal accumulation was assessed using the geo-accumulation index method. The results showed that soil heavy metal content on both sites were lower than the risk screening values for soil contamination of agricultural land. The means of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the irrigated slope were lager than the corresponding background values of Inner Mongolia, and were significantly higher than those in the unirrigated slope (P< 0.05). On both sites, the difference in heavy metal contents was not significant between surface and deep soils. However, it was that Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn had a significant accumulation effect in the upper and middle sections of the irrigated slope compared with corresponding sections of the unirrigated slope. In the lower sections of both sites, the difference in heavy metal contents was miner. A further geo-accumulation index assessment on heavy metal pollution of surface soil (0~20cm) of both sites revealed that the levels of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the upper and middle sections of irrigated slope reached the threshold value for slightly polluted conditions. Slight as pollution appeared in some of the samples from unirrigated slope whereas all other heavy metal elements from this site were within the safety values. It is concluded that treated mine-water irrigation resulted in accumulation of heavy metals in the upper and middle sections of irrigated slopes which was a significant environmental risk. The current study provides useful scientific data for recycling of mine water and sustainable use of water resources.

导出引用

张丽星, 周瑞平, 海春兴, 岳大鹏. 矿井中水灌溉下土壤重金属的污染特征研究[J]. 中国环境科学. 2023, 43(10): 5349-5358

ZHANG Li-xing, ZHOU Rui-ping, HAI Chun-xing, YUE Da-peng. Pollution characteristics of soil heavy metals with the irrigation of treated mine water[J]. China Environmental Science. 2023, 43(10): 5349-5358

中图分类号： X703

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