自然保护区对珍稀濒危野生植物保护效率评价

赵晓冏; 王建; 苏军德

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中国环境科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (10) : 5412-5421.

环境生态

自然保护区对珍稀濒危野生植物保护效率评价

赵晓冏^1,2, 王建², 苏军德³

作者信息 +

Evaluation on the conservation efficiency of natural reserves for rare and endangered wild plants

ZHAO Xiao-jiong^1,2, WANG Jian², SU Jun-de³

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

本文以生物多样性热点区域甘肃省为研究区域，在系统收集甘肃省主要珍稀濒危野生植物分布及其栖息地资源信息的基础上，预测各物种的栖息地适宜生境分布格局，采用替代成本法计算了甘肃省主要珍稀濒危植物生物多样性保护价值，并从多视角评价了全省自然保护区对珍稀濒危野生植物的保护成效.结果表明，珍稀濒危野生植物适宜生境分布范围面积达到72988.12km²（去除重叠面积），全省珍稀濒危野生植物生境适宜度高的区域分布较少，且南北分布差异较大.甘肃省珍稀濒危野生植物的保护价值为2674.74亿元.高值区主要集中在甘肃南部的陇南、甘南，其分布总体趋势从东北到西南逐渐减少，最高位于甘肃省南部森林区域，其次为北部祁连山地区，低值区主要集中分布在黄土高原. 甘肃省自然保护区虽然在一定程度上能够较好地代表全省适宜生境，但其在空间分布上与珍稀濒危野生植物适宜分布范围和生物多样性保护价值高值区存在空间上的错配.本研究结果对自然保护地优化调整和制定生物多样性保护规划具有重要指导意义.

Abstract

Nature reserves play an irreplaceable role in the in-situ conservation of biodiversity. Currently, quantitative assessment of the conservation efficiency of nature reserves for rare and endangered species is one of the hot research topics. In the present study, Gansu Province, a biodiversity hotspot, was chosen as the research area. Based on remote sensing and GIS technology, the distribution of the main rare and endangered wild plants and the information of resources in their habitats were systematicly collected. The habitat suitability distribution pattern of 29 species of rare and endangered plants was then simulated by using the species habitat suitability evaluation model, and the biodiversity conservation value of the main rare and endangered plants was calculated by using the substitution cost method. Finally, the protection effect of the natural reserves on rare and endangered wild plants was evaluated from multiple perspectives by using indicators including the suitable habitat area of species, the importance of habitat, and the protection value of rare and endangered plants. The results indicate that:(1) The area of the suitable habitat was 72988.12km², with few region having high suitable values. The five species of plants including Anisodamine, Rhizoma Bletillae, Plum Blossom, Artemisia selengensis, and Acer miaotai were widely distributed, accounting for 80.72% of the total suitable habitat distribution area. In addition, the distribution difference of suitable habitat between the northern and southern part of Gansu Province was obvious; (2) The protection value of rare and endangered wild plants was 267.474billion Yuan in Gansu Province. The high value areas are mainly concentrated in Longnan and Gannan in the south of Gansu Province, and the overall distribution trend of the protection value gradually decreases from the northeast to the southwest, with the highest value area located in the forest area in the south of Gansu Province, followed by the northern Qilian Mountain area, and the Chinese Loess Plateau; (3) The area of suitable habitats in nature reserves accounts for 33.56% of the distribution area of suitable habitats in Gansu Province. The area of region with an importance value of suitable habitats greater than 5 (high-value region) in nature reserves only accounts for 34.86% of the high-value areas of suitable habitats in Gansu Province. A large part of high-value regions are not included in the strict protection of nature reserves. The value of biodiversity conservation in the overlapping area of natural reserves and suitable habitats is 64.585billion Yuan, accounting for 24.15% of biodiversity conservation value in Gansu Province. Although the natural reserves can better represent the suitable habitats in Gansu Province to a certain extent, there is a mismatch between their spatial distribution and the suitable distribution range of rare and endangered wild plants and the high value regions for biodiversity conservation. The present study has important guiding significance for the optimization and adjustment of nature reserves and the formulation of biodiversity conservation strategies.

导出引用

赵晓冏, 王建, 苏军德. 自然保护区对珍稀濒危野生植物保护效率评价[J]. 中国环境科学. 2023, 43(10): 5412-5421

ZHAO Xiao-jiong, WANG Jian, SU Jun-de. Evaluation on the conservation efficiency of natural reserves for rare and endangered wild plants[J]. China Environmental Science. 2023, 43(10): 5412-5421

中图分类号： X32

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