中国地表水环境微塑料赋存特征及驱动因素

陈钦威; 王鹏; 丁明军; 张华; 聂明华; 黄高翔

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中国环境科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (8) : 4599-4609.

美丽中国建设:新污染物

中国地表水环境微塑料赋存特征及驱动因素

陈钦威, 王鹏, 丁明军, 张华, 聂明华, 黄高翔

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Characteristics and driving factors of microplastics in surface water environment of China

CHEN Qin-win, WANG Peng, DING Ming-jun, ZHANG Hua, NIE Ming-hua, HUANG Gao-xiang

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摘要

为阐明中国地表水环境微塑料(MPs)的赋存特征及驱动因素,基于已发表文献,收集了1944个采样点的MPs特征,分析地理环境和实验方法对MPs特征的影响.研究表明:中国地表水环境中MPs的丰度范围为水体0~204183items/m³,平均值为5465.26items/m³,沉积物0~79931items/kg,平均值为1374.51items/kg.中国地表水环境中MPs丰度呈现显著的空间异质性;水体中,内陆河流域MPs平均丰度最高(13185.77items/m³),东南诸河流域(2678.07items/m³)的平均丰度最低.沉积物中,淮河流域的MPs平均丰度(2145.61items/kg)最高,而海河流域(294.82items/kg)最低.水体和沉积物中MPs的形态主要以纤维状(58.29%/47.21%)、碎块状(23.20%/30.03%)为主.粒径以小型MPs(<0.5mm)(59.61%/62.76%)为主.颜色以透明(30.18%/28.17%)为主.微塑料材质主要为聚乙烯(PE)(25.49%/27.78%)、聚丙烯(PP)(25.36%/22.69%)等.水体微塑料特征主要受自然环境因素影响,丰度、形状和颜色特征均与自然环境因子(气温,降水)显著相关.沉积物MPs特征主要受社会经济因素影响,丰度、形状和粒径特征与社会经济环境因子(GDP、夜光强度、人口密度)显著相关.不同实验处理下的MPs特征, 包括丰度、形态、颜色和聚合物类型均有显著差异;偏最小二乘路径分析显示,实验处理过程对MPs特征的影响与地理环境相当;缺乏标准化的实验方法使得不同实验结果难以比较和验证,因此,迫切需要制定标准化的实验过程,减少实验处理对MPs观测特征的影响.

Abstract

In order to elucidate the occurrence characteristics and driving factors of microplastics in the surface water environment of China, this study based on published literature collected microplastic characteristics, experimental methods, and geographical environmental information from 1944 sampling sites. The research showed that the abundance of microplastics in the surface water environment of China ranged from 0 to 204183 items/m³, and in sediment from 0to 79931items/kg. The abundance of microplastics exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity in the surface water environment of China. In water bodies, the abundance of microplastics was highest in inland river basins (13185.77items/m³), and the lowest was found in the Southeast rivers basin (2678.07items/m³). In sediment, the Huai River basin had the highest level of microplastic abundance (2145.61items/kg), while the Hai River basin had the lowest abundance (294.82items/kg). The morphologies of microplastics in water and sediment were mainly fibrous (58.29%/47.21%) and fragments (23.20%/30.03%), respectively. Small microplastics (<0.5mm) constituted the majority based on particle size (59.61% /62.76%). Transparent microplastics accounted for the largest proportion in terms of color (30.18% and 28.17%, respectively). The main materials of microplastics were polyethylene (PE) (25.49%/27.78%) and polypropylene (PP) (25.36%/22.69%). The characteristics of microplastics in water bodies are primarily influenced by natural environmental factors, with abundance, shape, and color features all significantly correlated with environmental factors such as temperature and precipitation. In contrast, the characteristics of microplastics in sediments are mainly influenced by socio-economic factors, with abundance, shape, and particle size features significantly correlated with socio-economic environmental factors such as GDP, night light intensity, and population density. Significant differences in microplastic characteristics, including abundance, morphology, color, and polymer types, are observed under different experimental treatments. Path analysis using partial least squares indicates that the influence of experimental treatments on microplastic characteristics is comparable to the geographical environment. The lack of standardized experimental methods makes it difficult to compare and validate different experimental results, highlighting the urgent need for the establishment of standardized experimental procedures to minimize the impact of experimental treatments on the observation of microplastic characteristics.

导出引用

陈钦威, 王鹏, 丁明军, 张华, 聂明华, 黄高翔. 中国地表水环境微塑料赋存特征及驱动因素[J]. 中国环境科学. 2024, 44(8): 4599-4609

CHEN Qin-win, WANG Peng, DING Ming-jun, ZHANG Hua, NIE Ming-hua, HUANG Gao-xiang. Characteristics and driving factors of microplastics in surface water environment of China[J]. China Environmental Science. 2024, 44(8): 4599-4609

中图分类号： X171.5

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