Abstract：Liujiaxia Reservoir was selected as the research area in this paper, and the occurrence characteristics of microplastics in different surface water of reservoir were investigated and analyzed in 2021 and 2022 respectively, meanwhile, the potential ecological risk index (PERI) was used to assess the risk of microplastic pollution in the reservoir area. The results show that:The average abundance of microplastics in surface water of Liujiaxia Reservoir in 2021 is (0.52±0.21) items/m3, and the average abundance in 2022 is (0.58±0.17) items/m3. The abundance level is significantly lower than that of domestic lake-type water bodies, slightly lower than that of river type water bodies, similar to that of reservoir type water bodies, and higher than that of the downstream ocean Bohai Sea. Fourier infrared spectroscopy and microconfocal laser Raman spectroscopy were used to identify the types of microplastics, which are mainly polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The microplastics are mainly fragments and fibers, and the smaller the particle size, the more the number of characteristics. The potential ecological risk of microplastics in the surface water of Liujiaxia reservoir in 2021 is low, and the abundance of microplastics in the reservoir in 2022 is high, but the polymer type is relatively less toxic and has no significant ecological risk.
Zhang Z Y, Zulpiya·M, Chen Y G, et al. Current research and perspective of microplastics (MPs) in soils (dusts), rivers (lakes), and marine environments in China [J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2020,202:110976.
[2]
孙承君,蒋凤华,李景喜,等.海洋中微塑料的来源、分布及生态环境影响研究进展[J]. 海洋科学进展, 2016,34(4):449-461. Sun C J, Jiang F H, Li J X, et al. Research progress on the source, distribution and ecological environment impact of microplastics in the ocean [J]. Advances in Marine Science, 2016,34(4):449-461.
[3]
李道季.海洋微塑料研究焦点及存在的科学认知误区[J]. 科技导报, 2020,38(14):46-53. Li D J. Research focus and scientific misunderstanding of Marine microplastics [J]. Science and Technology Review, 2020,38(14):46-53.
[4]
石岩松,王婧,崔文杰,等.不同形态微塑料和汞对斑马鱼胚胎发育毒性联合作用研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023,43:1478-1484. Shi Y S, Wang J, Cui W J, et al. Study on toxicity of different forms of microplastics and mercury on zebrafish embryo development [J]. China Environmental Science, 2023,43:1478-1484.
[5]
底明晓.长江流域河型水库微塑料污染特征及微塑料与雌二醇的吸附动力学研究[D]. 中国科学院大学(中国科学院武汉植物园), 2019. Di M X. Characteristics of microplastics pollution and adsorption kinetics of microplastics and estradiol in river-type reservoirs in the Yangtze River Basin [D]. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Wuhan Botanical Garden), 2019.
[6]
Zhang W W, Zhang S F, Zhao Q, et al. Spatio-temporal distribution of plastic and microplastic debris in the surface water of the Bohai Sea, China [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2020,158:111343.
[7]
代振飞.渤海微塑料分布及其影响因素研究[D]. 烟台:中国科学院大学(中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所), 2018. Dai Z F. Research on distribution and influencing factors of microplastics in Bohai Sea [D]. Yantai:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Yantai Institute of Coastal Zones, Chinese Academy of Sciences), 2018.
[8]
Xiong X, Tyler H T, Chen X W, et al. Microplastics in Flathead Lake, a large oligotrophic mountain lake in the USA [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2022,306:119445.
[9]
李常军.中国南海和东印度洋水体微塑料赋存、源汇和生态风险的研究[D]. 上海:华东师范大学, 2022. Li C J. Study on the occurrence, source sink and ecological risk of microplastics in waters of South China Sea and East Indian Ocean [D]. Shanghai:East China Normal University, 2022.
[10]
Zhang K, Shi H H, Peng J P, et al. Microplastic pollution in China's inland water systems:A review of findings, methods, characteristics, effects, and management [J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2018, 630:1641-1653.
[11]
Julie M, Joel B, Gregory F, et al. Recommendations for quantifying synthetic particles in waters and sediments [J]. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2015.
[12]
Wang T, Hu M H, Song L L, et al. Coastal zone use influences the spatial distribution of microplastics in Hangzhou Bay, China [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2020,266:115137.
[13]
张凯娜.抗生素在微塑料表面的吸附行为研究[D]. 烟台:烟台大学, 2018. Zhang K N. Adsorption behavior of antibiotics on microplastics [M]. Yantai:Yantai University, 2018.
[14]
王璇,牛司平,宋小龙,等.城市湖泊沉积物微塑料污染特征[J]. 环境科学, 2020,41:3240-3248. Wang X, Niu S P, Song X L, et al. Characteristics of microplastic pollution in urban lake sediments [J]. Environmental Science, 2020, 41:3240-3248.
[15]
Scircle A, Cizdziel J V, Missling K, et al. Single-Pot method for the collection and preparation of natural water for microplastic analyses:Microplastics in the Mississippi River system during and after historic flooding [J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2020,39:986-995.
[16]
Hidalgo-ruz V, Gutow L, Thompson R C, et al. Microplastics in the marine environment:a review of the methods used for identification and quantification [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2012, 46:3060-3075.
[17]
Lithner D, Larsson A, Dave G, et al. Environmental and health hazard ranking and assessment of plastic polymers based on chemical composition [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2011,409(18):3309-3324.
[18]
Tomlinson D L, Wilson J G, Harris C R, et al. Problems in the assessment of heavy-metal levels in estuaries and the formation of a pollution index [J]. Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen, 1980,33(1):566-575.
[19]
Everaert G, Van C L, De R M, et al. Risk assessment of microplastics in the ocean:Modelling approach and first conclusions [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2018,242(Pt B):1930-1938.
[20]
杨艳玲,李星,李圭白,等.水中颗粒物检测及应用[M]. 北京:化学工业出版社, 2007,8:126845. Yang Y L, Li X, Li G B, et al. Detection and application of particulate matter in Water [M]. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press, 2007,8:126845.
[21]
Tan X, Yu X, Cai L, et al. Microplastics and associated PAHs in surface water from the Feilaixia Reservoir in the Beijiang River, China [J]. Chemosphere, 2019,221:834-840.
[22]
Wong G, Löwemark L, Kunz A, et al. Microplastic pollution of the Tamsui River and its tributaries in northern Taiwan:Spatial heterogeneity and correlation with precipitation [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2020,113:935.
[23]
Rodrigues, Abrantes, Gonçalves, et al. Spatial and temporal distribution of microplastics in water and sediments of a freshwater system (Antuã River, Portugal) [J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2018,633:1549-1559.
[24]
Dris R, Gasper J, Rocher V, et al. Synthetic and non-synthetic anthropogenic fibers in a river under the impact of Paris megacity:sampling methodological aspects and flux estimations [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018,618:157-164.
[25]
Su L, Xue Y G, Li L Y, et al. Microplastics in Taihu Lake, China [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2016,216:711-719.
[26]
Xiong X, Zhang K, Chen X, et al. Sources and distribution of microplastics in China's largest inland lake——Qinghai Lake [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2018,235:899-906.
[27]
Zhang K, Xiong X, Hu H, et al. Occurrence and characteristics of microplastic pollution in Xiangxi Bay of Three Gorges Reservoir, China [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2017,51(7):3794-3801.
[28]
Jelena G, Paul H, Samantha A, et al. Microplastics entering northwestern Lake Ontario are diverse and linked to urban sources [J]. Water Research, 2020,174:115623.
[29]
Faure F, Demars C, Wieser O, et al. Plastic pollution in Swiss surface waters:Nature and concentrations, interaction with pollutants [J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2015,12(5),582.
[30]
夏青.微塑料在松花江野生鱼体内分布、富集及其生态风险评价[D]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨师范大学, 2022,00020. Xia Q. Distribution, enrichment and ecological risk assessment of microplastics in wild fish in Songhua River [D]. Harbin:Harbin Normal University, 2022,00020.
[31]
张晓昱,张梦亦,魏爱泓,等.江苏省近岸海域表层海水微塑料的组成与赋存特征[J]. 环境监控与预警, 2021,13(2):9-13. Zhang X Y, Zhang M Y, Wei A H, et al. Composition and occurrence characteristics of microplastics in surface seawater of coastal waters of Jiangsu Province [J]. Environmental Monitoring and Warning, 2021,13(2):9-13.
[32]
Wang Ting, Hu Menghong, Song Lili, et al. Coastal zone use influences the spatial distribution of microplastics in Hangzhou Bay, China [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2020,266,115137.
[33]
Zhao Shiye, Zhu Lixin, Wang Teng, et al. Suspended microplastics in the surface water of the Yangtze Estuary System, China:First observations on occurrence, distribution [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2014,86:562-568.
[34]
吴磊石,洪鸣,彭梦微,等.北部湾海域表层水体中微塑料分布特征[J]. 环境科学研究, 2021,34(11):2556-2562. Wu L S, Hong M, Peng M W, et al. Distribution characteristics of microplastics in surface waters of the Beibu Gulf [J]. Research in Environmental Sciences, 2019,34(11):2556-2562.
