为揭示内蒙古地区沙尘事件的时空分布特征及其外源贡献,利用部署在内蒙古地区的七台三波段激光雷达,获取了高精度气溶胶垂直分布廓线.此外,进一步结合地面站点观测数据、大气化学模式、气象再分析数据及后向轨迹模型,深入分析了内蒙古夏季沙尘暴的三维动态演变、大气环流结构及外来沙尘源区.研究发现,2014~2024年内蒙古地区的沙尘日数整体呈波动上升趋势,春季为沙尘事件的高发季节,累计沙尘日数达到117d.近5年来,春季沙尘日数的变化相对稳定,但自2020年起,夏季沙尘出现日数开始呈增长趋势,5年增长率约为18.9%.2024年7月20~25日,内蒙古地区发生了一次严重的沙尘暴事件.通过组网激光雷达,有效监测了沙尘暴从高空至近地面的动态演变过程.沙尘首先出现在阿拉善盟策克口岸,随后在低压槽后西北风及地表大风的共同作用下向东扩散.随后2d,沙尘强度有所减弱.然而,之后低压槽再次出现,槽后偏北气流引导冷空气南下,形成强风,迅速吹起地表沙尘,导致内蒙古中西部地区起沙量普遍增加,并将沙尘通过槽后西北风向下游输送.此次沙尘事件中,中蒙边境成为沙尘天气PM10的主要潜在源区,对PM10质量浓度的贡献最为显著.这表明,中蒙边境地区正逐渐成为中国北方重要的沙尘源.
Abstract
To investigate the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of dust events in Inner Mongolia and their exogenous contributions, high-precision aerosol vertical distribution profiles were obtained using seven multi-band lidars deployed in Inner Mongolia. In addition, the three-dimensional dynamic evolution, atmospheric circulation and exogenous dust sources of summer dust storms in Inner Mongolia were further analyzed by combining ground station observations, atmospheric chemistry models, meteorological reanalysis data and backward trajectory models. It is found that the overall number of dust days in Inner Mongolia from 2014 to 2024 shows a fluctuating upward trend, and spring is the peak season for dust events, with the cumulative number of dust days reaching 117. In the past five years, the change of the number of dust days in spring was relatively stable, but since 2020, the number of dust days in summer began to show an increasing trend. During 20~25July 2024, a serious dust event occurred in Inner Mongolia. The dynamic evolution of the dust event from high altitude to near-surface was effectively monitored by the networked LiDAR in Inner Mongolia. on 20 July, the dust first appeared in the west-central part of Inner Mongolia and the China-Mongolia border, and then spread eastward under the combined effect of the northwesterly winds behind the low-pressure trough and the surface gales. The intensity of the dust weakened somewhat on 22 July. However, the low-pressure trough reappeared on 23 July, and the northerly flow behind the trough guided the cold air southward to form strong winds, which rapidly blew up the surface dust particles, leading to a general increase in dust uptake in west-central Inner Mongolia and transporting them downstream through the northwesterly wind behind the trough. During this dust event, the Sino-Mongolian border became the main potential source area of PM10 during the dust event, contributing most significantly to the PM10 mass concentration. This indicates that the Sino-Mongolian border area is gradually becoming an important source of dust in northern China.
关键词
大气化学模式 /
沙尘传输 /
时空特征 /
外来源区 /
组网激光雷达
Key words
atmospheric chemical modelling /
dust transport /
exogenous dust source /
LiDAR network /
spatial and temporal characteristics
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基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3704000,2022YFC3700400)
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