Abstract：Epiphytic bacteria of submerged macrophytes may have the capability in biodegradation and/or biotransformation of bisphenol A (BPA) in water column, therefore affect the fate of such environmental pollutant. In this research, Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle was selected and their attached BPA degrading epiphytic bacteria attached were isolated. Among the 22bacteria strains, the BPA removal rates were from 11.46% to 25.06% with the inoculum density at 1×10-8cell/mL and culture at 37℃ for 72h. The most effective bacteria strains, B12, B14and B23 were identified as Lysinibacillus sp., Brevibacterium sp. and Ochrobactrum sp., respectively, according to the results of 16S rDNA sequencing and morphological, physiological and biochemical tests. But aseptic seedlings of H. verticillata significantly decreased their BPA removal rates after the addition with B12, B14and B23 (P<0.05). Natural seedlings of such species surprisingly increased about 5% in BPA removal after partially removing their epiphyte with physical methods. All the results indicated that epiphytic bacteria of submerged plant can remove BPA, although their contributions (about 23%) are less than the host plants in the submerged macrophytes-epiphyte associations.
Michalowicz J. Bisphenol A - Sources, toxicity and biotransformation [J]. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2014,37(2):738-758.
[2]
Chen J F, Xiao Y Y, Gai Z X, et al. Reproductive toxicity of low level bisphenol A exposures in a two-generation zebrafish assay: Evidence of male-specific effects [J]. Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2015,169:204–214.
[3]
Alexander H C, Dill D C, Smith L W, et al. Bisphenol A: acute aquatic toxicity [J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1988,7:19-26.
[4]
Zhang B, Wu Z, Cheng S, et al. Primary study on photodegradation of bisphenol A by Elodea nuttallii [J]. Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences, 2007,12:1181-1124.
Chi J, Gao J. Effects of Potamogeton crispus L.–bacteria interactions on the removal of phthalate acid esters from surface water [J]. Chemosphere, 2015,119:59-64.
[8]
Mcguinness M, Dowling D. Plant-Associated Bacterial Degradation of Toxic Organic Compounds in Soil [J]. International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health, 2009,6(8):2226-2247.
[9]
Weyens N, Lelie D V D, Taghavi S, et al. Phytoremediation: plant–endophyte partnerships take the challenge [J]. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 2009,20(2):248-254.
Zhang B G, Bai Z H, Hoefel D, et al. Assessing the impact of the biological control agent Bacillus thuringiensis on the indigenous microbial community within the pepper plant phyllosphere [J]. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2008,284(1):102-108.
[12]
Sakai K, Yamanaka H, Moriyoshi K, et al. Biodegradation of bisphenol A and related compounds by Sphingomonas sp. strain BP-7isolated from seawater [J]. Bioscience Biotechnology & Biochemistry, 2007,71(1):51-7.
[13]
Toyama T, Kainuma Y, Kikuchi S, et al. Biodegradation of bisphenol A and 4-alkylphenols by Novosphingobium sp. strain TYA-1and its potential for treatment of polluted water [J]. Water Science & Technology A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research, 2012,66(10):2202-8.
Kang J H, Kondo F. Bisphenol A degradation in seawater is different from that in river water [J]. Chemosphere, 2005,60(9): 1288-1292.
[16]
Kuiper I, Lagendijk E L, Bloemberg G V, et al. Rhizoremediation: a beneficial plant-microbe interaction [J]. Molecular Plant- Microbe Interactions, 2004,17(17):6-15.
Scheublin T R, Leveau J H J. Isolation of Arthrobacter species from the phyllosphere and demonstration of their epiphytic fitness [J]. Microbiologyopen, 2013,2(1):205-213.
[20]
Toyama T, Murashita M, Kobayashi K, et al. Acceleration of nonylphenol and 4-tert-octylphenol degradation in sediment by Phragmites australis and associated rhizosphere bacteria [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2011,45(15):6524-6530.
Zhang W W, Yin K, Chen L X. Bacteria-mediated bisphenol A degradation [J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2013, 97(13):5681-5689.
[24]
Kang J H, Ri N, Kondo F. Streptomyces, sp. strain isolated from river water has high bisphenol A degradability [J]. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 2004,39(39):178-180.
[25]
Matsumura Y, Hosokawa C, Sasakimori M, et al. Isolation and characterization of novel bisphenol-A--degrading bacteria from soils [J]. Biocontrol Science, 2009,14(4):161-169.
[26]
Telke A A, Kalyani D C, Jadhav U U, et al. Purification and characterization of an extracellular laccase from a Pseudomonas sp. LBC1and its application for the removal of bisphenol A [J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B Enzymatic, 2009,61(3):252- 260.
[27]
Zhang C, Zeng G M, Yuan L, et al. Aerobic degradation of bisphenol A by Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain B-16isolated from compost leachate of municipal solid waste [J]. Chemosphere, 2007,68(1):181-190.
Singh B, Kaur J, Singh K. Transformation of malathion by Lysinibacillus sp. isolated from soil [J]. Biotechnology Letters, 2012,34(5):863-7.
[31]
Babiak P, Kyslíková E, Štěpánek V, et al. Whole-cell oxidation of omeprazole sulfide to enantiopure esomeprazole with Lysinibacillus sp. B71 [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2011,102(17): 7621-6.
Strubel V, Engesser K H, Fischer P, et al. 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl) catechol as substrate for proximal meta ring cleavage in dibenzofuran degradation by Brevibacterium sp. strain DPO 1361 [J]. Journal of Bacteriology, 1991,173(6):1932-1937.
Isabelle M, Villemur R, Juteau P, et al. Isolation of estrogen-degrading bacteria from an activated sludge bioreactor treating swine waste, including a strain that converts estrone to β-estradiol. [J]. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 2011,57(7): 559-568.
[37]
Arulazhagan P, Vasudevan N. Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by a halotolerant bacterial strain Ochrobactrum sp. VA1 [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2011, 62(2):388-94.
[38]
Qiu X H, Zhong Q Z, Li M, et al. Biodegradation of p- nitrophenol by methyl parathion-degrading Ochrobactrum sp. B2 [J]. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2007,59(4): 297–301.
[39]
Kang J H, Kondo f. Effects of bacterial counts and temperature on the biodegradation of bisphenol A in river water [J]. Chemosphere, 2002,49(5): 493-498.
Saiyood S, Vangnai A S, Thiravetyan P. Bisphenol A removal by the Dracaena plant and the role of plant-associating bacteria [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010,178(1-3):777-785.
Yamaga F, Washio K, Morikawa M. Sustainable biodegradation of phenol by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus P23 isolated from the rhizosphere of duckweed Lemna aoukikusa[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2010,44(16):6470-6474.
[48]
Molina M A, Ramos J L, Espinosa U M. Plant-associated biofilms [J]. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/ Technology, 2003,(2):99-108.
[49]
Baines S B, Pace M L. The production of dissolved organic matter by phytoplankton and its importance to bacteria: Patterns across marine and freshwater systems [J]. Limnology & Oceanography, 1991,36(6):1078-1090.
