Influence of rainfall intensity and slope gradient on suspended substance and phosphorus losses in runoff
YUAN Xi1, PAN Zhong-cheng1, LI Min1, LIU Feng2
1. College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; 2. Beijing Future Science Park Development Group Co. Ltd., Beijing 102209, China
Abstract:Artificial simulated rainfall experiments were conducted in this study to investigate the effects of rainfall intensity (30~100mm/h) and slope gradient (0~10°) on suspended substance (SS), total phosphorus (TP) and particulate phosphorus (PP) losses in runoff from bare land in north China. The relationships between SS, TP and PP losses were also studied. The results showed that SS and TP losses increased greatly with the increase of rainfall intensity and slope gradient. There was a significant linear relationship between SS and TP losses, as well as TP and PP losses (R2> 0.946). Rainfall intensity had more intensive influence on SS and P losses than slope gradient in the range of our experimental conditions. There were clear linear relationships between SS, P losses and the rainfall intensity, slope gradient and the total amount of runoff (R2> 0.911). The linear equations of SS, P losses from bare land with and without an incline should be separately simulated because the rainwater infiltration and the runoff generation pathway on 0degree and other slopes were distinctly different. The results provided a calculation method for estimating SS and P losses in runoff from sandy loam soil in north China.
袁溪, 潘忠成, 李敏, 刘峰. 雨强和坡度对裸地径流颗粒物及磷素流失的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2016, 36(10): 3099-3106.
YUAN Xi, PAN Zhong-cheng, LI Min, LIU Feng. Influence of rainfall intensity and slope gradient on suspended substance and phosphorus losses in runoff. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2016, 36(10): 3099-3106.
Anbumozhi V, Radhakrishnan J, Yamaji E. Impact of riparian buffer zones on water quality and associated management considerations [J]. Ecological Engineering, 2005,24(5):517-523.
Shi Z, Fang N, Wu F, et al. Soil erosion processes and sediment sorting associated with transport mechanisms on steep slopes [J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2012,454:123-130.
Ziadat F, Taimeh A. Effect of rainfall intensity, slope, land use and antecedent soil moisture on soil erosion in an arid environment [J]. Land Degradation and Development, 2013, 24(6):582-590.
[18]
Kateb HE, Zhang H, Zhang P, et al. Soil erosion and surface runoff on different vegetation covers and slope gradients: a field experiment in Southern Shaanxi Province, China [J]. Catena, 2013,105(5):1-10.
Qian J, Zhang L P, Wang W Y, et al. Effects of vegetation cover and slope length on nitrogen and phosphorus loss from a sloping land under simulated rainfall [J]. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2014,23(3):835-843.
Roth C, Eggert T. Mechanisms of aggregate breakdown involved in surface sealing, runoff generation and sediment concentration on loess soils [J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 1994,32(2):253-268.
[32]
Lebissonnais Y. Aggregate stability and assessment of soil crustability and erodibility: I. Theory and methodology [J]. European Journal of Soil Science, 1996,47:425-437.
[33]
Shainberg I, Levy G, Rengasamy P, et al. Aggregate stability and seal formation as affected by drops' impact energy and soil amendments [J]. Soil Science, 1992,154(2):113-119.