Quantitative source analysis of microorganism pollution in the surface water in Xijiang River Basin
ZHANG Yang1,2, WU Ren-ren2,3, YANG Ge4, WANG Guang2,3, WANG Yi-shu2,3, LIN Kai-rong1, LI Kai-ming2,3, ZHONG Jie5
1. Department of Water Resources and Environment, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
2. South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510530, China;
3. The key Laboratory of Water and Air Pollution Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510530, China;
4. Zhaoqing environmental protection monitoring station, Zhaoqing 526040, China;
5. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Technology, Guangzhou 510550, China
Understanding the characteristic of source strength of the microbial gene marker is the key for quantitative analyzing the microbial contamination from different sources. In this study, the source strength of human-(qHS601F/qBac725R), porcine-(Bac41F/Bac163R), cattle-(BacB2-590F/Bac708Rm) and poultry-specific(qC160F-HU/qBac265R-HU) bacteroides primers were explored by qPCR method, and then quantitative analysis of the source and level of microbial pollution in Xijiang river in Guangdong province. The results showed that the source strength of different specific bacteroides primers was human(qHB) > porcine(qPB) > cattle(qRB) > poultry(qCB). The concentration of DNA had little effect on source strength of each primers. The selected target area was generally contaminated by human, pig, cattle and poultry feces. The concentration of human, porcine and poultry-specific primers were increased slowly from upstream to downstream in the main stream. In the tributary, the mean concentration of human-, porcine-and poultry-specific primers were increased 1-order magnitude compared to the main stream. qRB had little change in different section of the river. This suggests that the pollution of domestic sewage, porcine source and poultry excrement in the downstream was more serious. The influence of cattle source pollution was not significant. Statistic analysis showed that human-specific premier had a significant correlation with traditional fecal indicator bacteria in the tributary which had high level of fecal pollution(FIB)(P<0.05). It reflected that human source was the major reason for the high concentration of FIB, and human feces was the persistent pollution source.
张杨, 吴仁人, 杨戈, 汪光, 王一舒, 林凯荣, 李开明, 钟杰. 西江流域地表水微生物污染定量源解析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2018, 38(10): 3889-3896.
ZHANG Yang, WU Ren-ren, YANG Ge, WANG Guang, WANG Yi-shu, LIN Kai-rong, LI Kai-ming, ZHONG Jie. Quantitative source analysis of microorganism pollution in the surface water in Xijiang River Basin. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2018, 38(10): 3889-3896.
Gawler A H, Beecher J E, Brandão J, et al. Validation of host-specific Bacteriodales 16S rRNA genes as markers to determine the origin of faecal pollution in Atlantic Rim countries of the European Union[J]. Water Research, 2007,41(16):3780-3784.
[3]
Mieszkin S, Furet J P, Corthier G, et al. Estimation of pig fecal contamination in a river catchment by real-time PCR using two pig-specific Bacteroidales 16S rRNA genetic markers[J]. Applied & Environmental Microbiology, 2009,75(10):3045-3054.
[4]
Ahmed W, Powell D, Goonetilleke A, et al. Detection and source identification of faecal pollution in non-sewered catchment by means of host-specific molecular markers[J]. Water Science & Technology A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research, 2008,58(3):579-86.
[5]
Lu J, Santo D J, Shanks O C. Identification of chicken-specific fecal microbial sequences using a metagenomic approach[J]. Water Research, 2007,41(16):3561-74.
[6]
Harwood V J, Brownell M, Wang S, et al. Validation and field testing of library-independent microbial source tracking methods in the Gulf of Mexico[J]. Water Research, 2009,43(19):4812-4819.
[7]
Oyafuso Z S, Baxter A E, Hall J E, et al. Widespread detection of human-and ruminant-origin Bacteroidales markers in subtidal waters of the Salish Sea in Washington State[J]. Journal of Water & Health, 2015,13(3):827.
Boehm A B, Soller J A, Shanks O C. Human-Associated Fecal Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Measurements and Simulated Risk of Gastrointestinal Illness in Recreational Waters Contaminated with Raw Sewage[J]. Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 2015,2(10):270-275.
Okabe S, Okayama N, Savichtcheva O, et al. Quantification of host-specific Bacteroides-Prevotella 16S rRNA genetic markers for assessment of fecal pollution in freshwater[J]. Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2007,74(4):890-901.
[14]
S M, Jf Y, R J, et al. Phylogenetic analysis of Bacteroidales 16S rRNA gene sequences from human and animal effluents and assessment of ruminant faecal pollution by real-time PCR[J]. Journal of Applied Microbiology., 2010,108(3):974-984.
[15]
Kobayashi A, Sano D, Hatori J, et al. Chicken-and duck-associated Bacteroides-Prevotella genetic markers for detecting fecal contamination in environmental water[J]. Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2013,97(16):7427-7437.
[16]
Siefring S, Varma M, Atikovic E, et al. Improved real-time PCR assays for the detection of fecal indicator bacteria in surface waters with different instrument and reagent systems[J]. Journal of Water & Health, 2008,6(2):225-237.
Harwood V J, Staley C, Badgley B D, et al. Microbial source tracking markers for detection of fecal contamination in environmental waters:relationships between pathogens and human health outcomes[J]. Fems Microbiology Reviews, 2013,38(1):1-40.
Sokolova E, ström J, Pettersson T J R, et al. Decay of Bacteroidales Genetic Markers in Relation to Traditional Fecal Indicators for Water Quality Modeling of Drinking Water Sources[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2012,46(2):892-900.
[23]
Gotkowska-P?achta A, Go?a? I, Korzeniewska E, et al. Evaluation of the distribution of fecal indicator bacteria in a river system depending on different types of land use in the southern watershed of the Baltic Sea[J]. Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 2016,23(5):4073-4085.
[24]
Ahmed W, Yusuf R, Hasan I, et al. Quantitative PCR assay of sewage-associated Bacteroides markers to assess sewage pollution in an urban lake in Dhaka, Bangladesh[J]. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 2010,56(10):838.
[25]
Kirs M, Caffaro-Filho R A, Wong M, et al. Evaluation of human-associated Bacteroides spp. and human polyomaviruses as microbial source tracking markers in Hawaii[J]. Applied & Environmental Microbiology, 2016,82(22):6757-6767.
[26]
Bachoon D S, Markand S, Otero E, et al. Assessment of non-point sources of fecal pollution in coastal waters of Puerto Rico and Trinidad[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2010,60(7):1117-1121.
[27]
Mcquaig S, Griffith J, Harwood V J. Association of fecal indicator bacteria with human viruses and microbial source tracking markers at coastal beaches impacted by nonpoint source pollution[J]. Applied & Environmental Microbiology, 2012,78(18):6423.
[28]
Marti R, Mieszkin S, Solecki O, et al. Effect of oxygen and temperature on the dynamic of the dominant bacterial populations of pig manure and on the persistence of pig-associated genetic markers, assessed in river water microcosms[J]. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2011,111(5):1159-1175.
[29]
Rogers S W, Donnelly M, Peed L, et al. Decay of bacterial pathogens, fecal indicators, and real-time quantitative PCR genetic markers in manure-amended soils[J]. Applied & Environmental Microbiology, 2011,77(14):4839-4848.
[30]
Jenkins M W, Tiwari S, Lorente M, et al. Identifying human and livestock sources of fecal contamination in Kenya with host-specific Bacteroidales assays[J]. Water Research, 2009,43(19):4956-4966.
