To study the characteristics of air pollution in Nanjing during the summer, an intensive observational experiment was carried out from August 15th to September 15th, 2016. Data from three sites (Xianlin, Caochangmen, and Gulou) were collected to analyze the characteristics and correlation between O3 and particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10) concentrations. Xianlin, Caochangmen, and Gulou each represented suburban, urban, and urban upper air respectively. In addition, at the Xianlin site, conversion characteristics of water-soluble ions and their gaseous precursors were also analyzed. The study showed that the hourly average concentration of O3 was 100.3μg/m3. Average hourly concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 were 41.1μg/m3 and 67.8μg/m3, respectively, and a peak was observed during the nights at the suburban site. The sum of the SO42-, NO3- and NH4+ to PM2.5 ratios reached 0.61 and the OC (organic carbon) to EC (elemental carbon) ratio ranged from 0.8 to 4.0, with 77% of the days being greater than 2.0. The high OC/EC ratio indicated the existence of secondary pollution. The correlation between O3 and PM concentrations was significantly positive, especially at the daytime. Similarly, the conversion rate of sulfur (SOR) and nitrogen (NOR) was correlated with daylight O3 and nighttime humidity, respectively. Also, the accumulation of HONO mainly occurred during the night, while that of HCl and HNO3 occurred in the afternoon. Compared with other inorganic salts, the ratio of NH4+ in total ammonia was quite small, which showed that gaseous NH3 was the main phase state. In conclusion, the potentially important role of chemical reactions in the accumulation of PM2.5, especially involving secondary particles, and transport of air pollution from urban to suburban is addressed.
高丽波, 王体健, 崔金梦, 陈楚, 曹云擎, 王德羿. 2016年夏季南京大气污染特征观测分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2019, 39(1): 1-12.
GAO Li-bo, WANG Ti-jian, CUI Jin-meng, CHEN Chu, CAO Yun-qing, WANG De-yi. Observation and analysis of the characteristics of air pollution in Nanjing in summer 2016. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2019, 39(1): 1-12.
2016年南京市环境状况公报, http://www.njhb.gov.cn/43462/43464/201706/P020170605530350645919.pdf. Nanjing Environmental Status Bulletin 2016.
[2]
刘春蕾,谢放尖,杨峰,等.2014~2016年南京市空气质量现状及对策研究[J]. 中国环境管理干部学院学报, 2017,27(3):90-93. Liu C, Xie F, Yang F, et al. Research on Nanjing air quality status and its countermeasures during 2014-2016[J]. Journal of the Environmental Management College of China-EMCC, 2017,27(3):90-93.
[3]
赵辉,郑有飞,吴晓云,等.江苏省大气复合污染特征与相关气象驱动[J]. 中国环境科学, 2018,38(8):2830-2839. Zhao H, Zheng Y, Wu X, et al. Atmospheric compound pollution characteristics and the effects of meteorological factors in Jiangsu Province[J]. China Environmental Science, 2018,38(8):2830-2839.
[4]
刘长焕,邓雪娇,朱彬,等.近10年中国三大经济区太阳总辐射特征及其与O3、PM2.5的关系[J]. 中国环境科学, 2018,38(8):2820-2829. Liu C, Deng X, Zhu B, et al. Characteristics of GSR of China's three major economic regions in the past 10 years and its relationship with O3 and PM2.5[J]. China Environmental Science, 2018,38(8):2820-2829.
[5]
贾梦唯,赵天良,张祥志,等.南京主要大气污染物季节变化及相关气象分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2016,36(9):2567-2577. Jia M, Zhao T, Zhang X, et al. Seasonal variations in major air pollutants in Nanjing and their meteorological correlation analyses[J]. China Environmental Science, 2016,36(9):2567-2577.
[6]
齐冰,牛彧文,杜荣光,等.杭州市近地面大气臭氧浓度变化特征分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017,37(2):443-451. Qi B, Niu Y, Du R, et al. Characteristics of surface ozone concentration in urban site of Hangzhou[J]. China Environmental Science, 2017,37(2):443-451.
[7]
朱宽广,谢旻,霍云怡,等.南京城市下垫面变化对夏季臭氧浓度的影响研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2015,35(11):3217-3226. Zhu K, Xie M, Huo Y, et al. Study on the effects of urban expansion on region climate and ozone pollution over Nanjing in summer[J]. China Environmental Science, 2015,35(11):3217-3226.
[8]
张秋晨,朱彬,龚佃利.南京地区大气气溶胶及水溶性无机离子特征分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2014,34(2):311-316. Zhang Q, Zhu B, Gong D. Characterization of water-soluble ion species of aerosol in Nanjing, China[J]. China Environmental Science, 2014,34(2):311-316.
[9]
吴万宁,查勇,王强,等.南京地区冬夏季大气重污染个例对比分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2014,34(3):581-587. Wu W, Zha Y, Wang Q, et al. Comparative analysis of winter and summer heavy atmospheric pollution events around Nanjing[J]. China Environmental Science, 2014,34(3):581-587.
[10]
沈毅,王体健,韩永,等.南京近郊主要大气污染物的观测分析研究[J]. 南京大学学报(自然科学), 2009,45(6):746-756. Shen Y, Wang T, Han Y, et al. Observation of main air pollutants at a suburban site in Nanjing[J]. Journal of Nanjing University (Nature Science), 2009,45(6):746-756.
[11]
蔡彦枫,王体健,谢旻,等.南京地区大气颗粒物影响近地面O3的个例研究[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2013,18(2):251-260. Cai Y, Wang T, Xie M, et al. Impacts of atmospheric particles on surface ozone in Nanjing[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research, 2013,18(2):251-260.
[12]
李佳慧,刘红年,王学远.苏州城市颗粒物与O3相互作用的数值模拟研究[J]. 南京大学学报(自然科学), 2016,52(6):989-1000. Li J, Liu H, Wang X, et al. Numerical simulation of the interaction between haze and ozone in the urban area of Suzhou urban[J]. Journal of Nanjing University (Nature Science), 2016,52(6):989-1000.
[13]
邵平,辛金元,安俊琳,等.长三角工业区夏季近地层O3和颗粒物污染相互关系研究[J]. 大气科学, 2017,41(3):618-628. Shao P, Xin J, An J, et al. An analysis on the relationship between ground-level ozone and particulate matter in an industrial area in the Yangtze River Delta during summer time[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2017,41(3):618-628.
[14]
Jia M, Zhao T, Cheng X, et al. Inverse Relations of PM2.5 and O3 in air compound pollution between cold and hot seasons over an urban area of East China[J]. Atmosphere, 2017,8(3):1-12.
[15]
Wang H, Zhu B, Shen L, et al. Water-soluble ions in atmospheric aerosols measured in five sites in the Yangtze River Delta, China:Size-fractionated, seasonal variations and sources[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2015,123.
[16]
Ming L, Jin L, Li J, et al. PM2.5 in the Yangtze River Delta, China:Chemical compositions, seasonal variations, and regional pollution events[J]. Environment Pollution, 2017:200-212.
[17]
唐孝炎,张远航,邵敏.大气环境化学[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社, 2006:30-32. Tang X, Zhang Y, Shao M. Atmospheric environmental chemistry[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press, 2006:30-32.
[18]
Acker K, Möller D, Wieprecht W, et al. Strong daytime production of OH from HNO2 at a rural mountain site[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2006,33(2):33-36.
[19]
Michoud V, Kukui A, Camredon M, et al. Radical budget analysis in a suburban European site during the MEGAPOLI summer field campaign[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2012,12(24):11951-11974.
[20]
Kleffmann J, Gavriloaiei T, Hofzumahaus A, et al. Daytime formation of nitrous acid:A major source of OH radicals in a forest[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2005,32(5):32-35.
[21]
GB3095-2012环境空气质量标准[S]. Ambient air quality standards[S].
[22]
赵辉,郑有飞,徐静馨,等.中国典型城市大气污染物浓度时空变化特征分析[J]. 地球与环境, 2016,44(5):549-556. Zhao H, Zheng Y, Xu J, et al. Temporal and spatial variations of atmospheric pollutants in typical cities in China[J]. Earth and Environment, 2016,44(5):549-556.
[23]
Kocak M, Mihalopoulos N, Kubilay Contributions of natural sources to high PM10 and PM2.5 events in the eastern. Mediterranean[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2007,41(18):3806-3818.
[24]
姜文娟,郭照冰,刘凤玲,等.南京地区大气PM1.1中OC、EC特征及来源解析[J]. 环境科学, 2015,(3):774-779. Jiang W, Guo Z, Liu F, et al. Characteristics and sources apportionment of OC and EC in PM1.1 from Nanjing[J]. Environmental Science, 2015,(3):774-779.
[25]
Yang F, Tan J, Zhao Q, et al. Characteristics of PM2.5 speciation in representative megacities and across China[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2011,11(11):5207-5219.
[26]
Fu J, Hsu N, Gao Y, et al. Evaluating the influences of biomass burning during 2006BASEASIA:a regional chemical transport modeling.[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2012,12(9):3837-3855.
[27]
宋燕,徐殿斗,柴之芳.北京大气颗粒物PM10和PM2.5中水溶性阴离子的组成及特征[J]. 分析试验室, 2006,25(2):85-90. Song Y, Xu D, Chai Z. Determination and characterization of anionic species of PM10 and PM2.5 in Beijing[J]. Chinese Journal of Analysis Laboratory, 2006,25(2):85-90.
[28]
Shon Z, Ghosh S, Kim K H, et al. Analysis of water-soluble ions and their precursor gases over diurnal cycle[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2013,132-133:309-321.
[29]
丁萌萌,周健楠,刘保献,等.2015年北京城区大气PM2.5中NH4+、NO3-、SO42-及前体气体的污染特征[J]. 环境科学, 2017,38(4):1307-1316. Ding M, Zhou J, Liu B, et al. Pollution characteristics of NH4+, NO3-, SO42- in PM2.5 and their precursor gases during 2015 in an urban area of Beijing[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Science, 2017,38(4):1307-1316.
[30]
朱彤,尚静,赵德峰.大气复合污染及灰霾形成中非均相化学过程的作用[J]. 中国科学:化学, 2010,40(12):1731-1740. Zhu T, Shang J, Zhao D. The roles of heterogeneous chemical processes in the formation of an air pollution complex and gray haze[J]. Scientia Sinica Chimica, 2010,40(12):1731-1740.
[31]
韩珣,任杰,陈善莉,等.基于硫氧同位素研究南京北郊夏季大气中硫酸盐来源及氧化途径[J]. 环境科学, 2018,(5). Han X, Ren J, Chen S, et al. Sulfur sources and oxidation pathways in summer aerosols from Nanjing northern suburbs using S and O isotopes[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Science, 2018, (5).
[32]
朱燕舞,刘文清,谢品华,等.北京夏季大气HONO的监测研究[J]. 环境科学, 2009,30(6):1567-1573. Zhu Y, Liu W, Xie P, et al. Observational study of atmospheric HONO in summer of Beijing[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Science, 2009,30(6):1567-1573.
[33]
杨闻达,程鹏,田智林,等.广州市夏秋季HONO污染特征及白天未知源分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017,37(6):2029-2039. Yang W, Cheng P, Tian Z, et al. Study on HONO pollution characteristics and daytime unknown sources during summer and autumn in Guangzhou, China[J]. China Environmental Science, 2017, 37(6):2029-2039.
[34]
Alicke B, Geyer A, Hofzumahaus A, et al. OH formation by HONO photolysis during the BERLIOZ experiment[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2003,108(D4):8247-8263.
[35]
Alicke B, Platt U, Stutz J. Impact of nitrous acid photolysis on the total hydroxyl radical budget during the Limitation of Oxidant Production/Pianura Padana Produzione di Ozono study in Milan[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 2002,107(D22):LOP-1-LOP 9-17.
[36]
Harrison R M, Peak J D, Collins G M. Tropospheric Cycle of Nitrous Acid.[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 1996,101(D9):14429-14439.
[37]
Winer A M, Biermann H W. Long path length differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) measurements of gaseous HONO, NO2, and HCNO in the California South Coast Air Basin[J]. Research on Chemical Intermediates, 1994,20(3-5):423-445.
[38]
Stutz J, Alicke B, Neftel A. Nitrous acid formation in the urban atmosphere:Gradient measurements of NO2 and HONO over grass in Milan, Italy[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 2002, 107(D22):LOP-1-LOP 5-15.
[39]
Spataro F, Ianniello A, Esposito G, et al. Occurrence of atmospheric nitrous acid in the urban area of Beijing (China)[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2013,447:210-224.
[40]
Wong K W, Oh H J, Lefer B L, et al. Vertical profiles of nitrous acid in the nocturnal urban atmosphere of Huston, TX[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2011,11:3595-3609.
[41]
Li X, Brauers T, Häseler R, et al. Exploring the atmospheric chemistry of nitrous acid (HONO) at a rural site in Southern China[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2012,12:1497-1513.
[42]
Finlayson-Pitts B J, Wingen L M, Summer A L, et al. The heterogeneous hydrolysis of NO2 in laboratory systems and in outdoor atmospheres:integrated mechanism[J]. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2003,5:223-242.
[43]
丁杰,朱彤.大气中细颗粒物表面多相化学反应的研究[J]. 科学通报, 2003,48(19):2005-2013. Ding J, Zhu T. Study on the surface polyphase chemical reactions of fine particles in the atmosphere[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2003, 48(19):2005-2013.
[44]
葛茂发,刘泽,王炜罡.二次光化学氧化剂与气溶胶间的非均相过程[J]. 地球科学进展, 2009,24(4):351-362. Ge M, Liu Z, Wang W. Heterogeneous processes between secondary photochemical oxidants and aerosols[J]. Advances in Earth Sciences, 2009,24(4):351-362.
[45]
An J, Li Y, Chen Y, et a1. Enhancements of major aerosol components due to additional HONO sources in the North China Plain (NcP) and implications for visibility and haze[J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 2013,30:57-66.